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On This Day | Quote: | 1350 - While besieging Gibraltar, Alfonso XI of Castile died of the Black Death.
1512 - Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon sighted Florida.
1794 - The U.S. Congress and President Washington authorized the creation of the U.S. Navy.
1802 - The Treaty of Amiens was signed ending the French Revolutionary War.
1814 - U.S. troops under Gen. Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians at Horshoe Bend in Northern Alabama.
1836 - The Mexican army massacred about 400 Texan rebels at Goliad, TX, under the order of Santa Anna.
1836 - The first Mormon temple was dedicated in Kirtland, OH.
1841 - The first steam fire engine was tested in New York City.
1860 - The corkscrew was patented by M.L. Byrn.
1866 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson vetoed the civil rights bill, which later became the 14th amendment.
1884 - The first long-distance telephone call was made from Boston to New York.
1899 - The first international radio transmission between England and France was achieved by the Italian inventor G. Marconi.
1900 - The London Parliament passed the War Loan Act that gave 35 million pounds to the Boer War cause in South Africa.
1900 - The Russian army mobilized 250,000 troops for active duty.
1901 - Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the U.S.
1904 - Mary Jarris "Mother" Jones was ordered by Colorado state authorities to leave the state. She was accused of stirring up striking coal miners.
1907 - French troops occupied Oudja, Morocco, as a punitive action for the murder of French Dr. Muchamp.
1912 - The first cherry blossom trees were planted in Washington, DC. The trees were a gift from Japan.
1917 - The Seattle Metropolitans, of the Pacific Coast League of Canada, defeated the Montreal Canadiens and became the first U.S. hockey team to win the Stanley Cup.
1931 - Actor Charlie Chaplin received France’s Legion of Honor decoration.
1933 - About 55,000 people staged a protest against Hitler in New York City.
1933 - In the U.S., the Farm Credit Administration was authorized.
1941 - Tokeo Yoshikawa arrived in Oahu, HI, and began spying for Japan on the U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
1942 - The British raided the Nazi submarine base at St. Nazaire, France.
1944 - One-thousand Jews left Drancy, France, for the Auschwitz concentration camp.
1944 - Thousands of Jews were murdered in Kaunas, Lithuania.
1946 - Four-month long strikes at both General Electric and General Motors ended with a wage increase.
1952 - The U.S. Eighth Army reached the 38th parallel in Korea, the original dividing line between the two Koreas.
1955 - Steve McQueen made his network TV debut on "Goodyear Playhouse."
1958 - Nikita Khrushchev became the chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers in addition to First Secretary of the Communist Party.
1958 - The U.S. announced a plan to explore space near the moon.
1964 - An earthquake in Alaska killed 114 people and registered 8.4 on the Richter Scale.
1968 - Yuri Gagarin, the first man to orbit the earth, died in a plane crash.
1976 - Washington, DC, opened its subway system.
1977 - About 570 people died when a KLM 747 and a Pan Am 747 collided with each other on a foggy runway on the Canary Island of Tenerife.
1985 - Billy Dee Williams received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1988 - The U.S. Senate ratified the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
1989 - The U.S. anti-missile satellite failed the first test in space.
1992 - Police in Philadelphia, PA, arrested a man with AIDS on charges that he may have infected several hundred teenage boys with HIV through sexual relations.
1993 - In China, Communist Party leader Jiang Zemin was appointed President.
1995 - Maurizo Gucci was shot to death outside his office in Milan.
1997 - Russian workers, nearly 2 million, held a nationwide strike to protest unpaid wages.
1997 - In Australia, Governor-General William Deane signed a bill to overturn a 1996 Northern Territory act to legalize assisted suicides. The 1996 act was the first in the world to permit assisted suicides.
1997 - Dexter King met with James Earl Ray. Ray was in prison for the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King. Dexter King believes that Ray had nothing to do with the assassination.
1998 - In the U.S., the FDA approved the prescription drug Viagra. It was the first pill for male impotence.
1998 - Top civilian aircraft makers in France, Spain, Germany and Britain agreed to create single European aerospace and defense company.
1998 - Ax-wielders killed at least 52 people in southern Algeria, most of which were toddlers.
2002 - Rodney Dangerfield received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2004 - NASA successfully launched an unpiloted X-43A jet that hit Mach 7 (about 5,000 mph). |
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| Quote: | 1774 - Britain passed the Coercive Act against Massachusetts.
1797 - Nathaniel Briggs patented a washing machine.
1834 - The U.S. Senate voted to censure President Jackson for the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States.
1854 - The Crimean War began with Britain and France declaring war on Russia.
1864 - A group of Copperheads attack Federal soldiers in Charleston, IL. Five were killed and twenty were wounded.
1865 - Outdoor advertising legislation was enacted in New York. The law banned "painting on stones, rocks and trees."
1885 - The Salvation Army was officially organized in the U.S.
1898 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a child born in the U.S. to Chinese immigrants was a U.S. citizen. This meant that they could not be deported under the Chinese Exclusion Act.
1903 - Anatole France's "Crainquebille" premiered in Paris.
1905 - The U.S. took full control over Dominican revenues.
1908 - Automobile owners lobbied the U.S. Congress, supporting a bill that called for vehicle licensing and federal registration.
1910 - The first seaplane took off from water at Martinques, France. The pilot was Henri Fabre.
1911 - In New York, suffragists performed the political play "Pageant of Protest."
1917 - During World War I the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) was founded.
1921 - U.S. President Warren Harding named William Howard Taft as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court.
1922 - Bradley A. Fiske patented a microfilm reading device.
1930 - Constantinople and Angora changed their names to Istanbul and Ankara respectively.
1933 - In Germany, the Nazis ordered a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
1938 - In Italy, psychiatrists demonstrated the use of electric-shock therapy for treatment of certain mental illnesses.
1939 - The Spanish Civil War ended as Madrid fell to Francisco Franco.
1941 - The Italian fleet was defeated by the British at the Battle of Matapan.
1942 - British naval forces raided the Nazi occupied French port of St. Nazaire.
1945 - Germany launched the last of the V-2 rockets against England.
1947 - The American Helicopter Society revealed a flying device that could be strapped to a person's body.
1962 - The U.S. Air Force announced research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites.
1963 - Sonny Werblin announced that the New York Titans of the American Football League was changing its name to the New York Jets. (NFL)
1967 - Raymond Burr starred in a TV movie titled "Ironside." The movie was later turned into a television series.
1968 - The U.S. lost its first F-111 aircraft in Vietnam when it vanished while on a combat mission. North Vietnam claimed that they had shot it down.
1974 - A streaker ran onto the set of "The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson."
1979 - A major accident occurred at Pennsylvania's Three Mile Island nuclear power plant. A nuclear power reactor overheated and suffered a partial meltdown.
1986 - The U.S. Senate passed $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
1986 - More than 6,000 radio stations of all format varieties played "We are the World" simultaneously at 10:15 a.m. EST.
1990 - Jesse Owens received the Congressional Gold Medal from U.S. President George Bush.
1990 - In Britain, a joint Anglo-U.S. "sting" operation ended with the seizure of 40 capacitors, which can be used in the trigger mechanism of a nuclear weapon.
1991 - The U.S. embassy in Moscow was severely damaged by fire.
1994 - Violence between Zulus and African National Congress supporters took the lives of 18 in Johannesburg.
1999 - Paraguay's President Raúl Cubas Grau resigned after protests inspired by the assassination of Vice-President Luis María Argaña on March 23. The nation's Congress had accused Cubas and his political associate, Gen. Lino César Oviedo, for Cubas' murder. Senate President Luis González Macchi took office as Paraguay's new chief executive.
2002 - The exhibit "The Italians: Three Centuries of Italian Art" opened at the National Gallery of Australia. |
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| Quote: | 1461 - Edward IV secured his claim to the English thrown by defeating Henry VI’s Lancastrians at the battle of Towdon.
1638 - First permanent European settlement in Delaware was established.
1847 - U.S. troops under General Winfield Scott took possession of the Mexican stronghold at Vera Cruz.
1848 - Niagara Falls stopped flowing for one day due to an ice jam.
1867 - The British Parliament passed the North America Act to create the Dominion of Canada.
1882 - The Knights of Columbus organization was granted a charter by the State of Connecticut.
1901 - The first federal elections were held in Australia.
1903 - A regular news service began between New York and London on Marconi's wireless.
1906 - In the U.S., 500,000 coal miners walked off the job seeking higher wages.
1913 - The Reichstag announced a raise in taxes in order to finance the new military budget.
1916 - The Italians call off the fifth attack on Isonzo.
1932 - Jack Benny made his radio debut.
1936 - Italy firebombed the Ethiopian city of Harar.
1941 - The British sink five Italian warships off the Peloponnesus coast in the Mediterranean.
1943 - In the U.S. rationing of meat, butter and cheese began during World War II.
1946 - Fiorella LaGuardia became the director general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Organization.
1946 - Gold Coast became the first British colony to hold an African parliamentary majority.
1951 - The Chinese reject MacArthur's offer for a truce in Korea.
1951 - In the United States, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage. They were executed in June 19, 1953.
1961 - The 23rd amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The amendment allowed residents of Washington, DC, to vote for president.
1962 - Cuba opened the trial of the Bay of Pigs invaders.
1962 - Jack Paar made his final appearance on the "Tonight" show.
1966 - Leonid Brezhnev became the First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party. He denounced the American policy in Vietnam and called it one of aggression.
1967 - France launched its first nuclear submarine.
1971 - Lt. William Calley Jr., of the U.S. Army, was found guilty of the premeditated murder of at least 22 Vietnamese civilians. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. The trial was the result of the My Lai massacre in Vietnam on March 16, 1968.
1971 - A jury in Los Angeles recommended the death penalty for Charles Manson and three female followers for the 1969 Tate-La Bianca murders. The death sentences were later commuted to live in prison.
1973 - "Hommy," the Puerto Rican version of the rock opera "Tommy," opened in New York City.
1973 - The last U.S. troops left South Vietnam.
1974 - Mariner 10, the U.S. space probe became the first spacecraft to reach the planet Mercury. It had been launched on November 3, 1973.
1974 - Eight Ohio National Guardsmen were indicted on charges stemming from the shooting deaths of four students at Kent State University on May 4, 1970. All the guardsmen were later acquitted.
1975 - Egyptian president Anwar Sadat declared that he would reopen the Suez Canal on June 5, 1975.
1979 - The Committee on Assassinations Report issued by U.S. House of Representatives stated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy was the result of a conspiracy.
1982 - The soap opera "Search for Tomorrow" changed from CBS to NBC.
1986 - A court in Rome acquitted six men in a plot to kill the Pope.
1987 - Hulk Hogan took 11 minutes, 43 seconds to pin Andre the Giant in front of 93,136 at Wrestlemania III fans at the Silverdome in Pontiac, MI.
1992 - Democratic presidential front-runner Bill Clinton said "I didn't inhale and I didn't try it again" in reference to when he had experimented with marijuana.
1993 - The South Korean government agreed to pay financial support to women who had been forced to have sex with Japanese troops during World War II.
1993 - Clint Eastwood won his first Oscars. He won them for best film and best director for the film "Unforgiven."
1995 - The U.S. House of Representatives rejected a constitutional amendment that would have limited terms to 12 years in the U.S. House and Senate.
1998 - Tennessee won the woman's college basketball championship over Louisiana. Tennessee had set a NCAA record with regular season record or 39-0.
1999 - At least 87 people died in an earthquake in India's Himalayan foothills.
1999 - The Dow Jones industrial average closed above the 10,000 mark for the first time.
2004 - Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia became members of NATO. |
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| Quote: | 1492 - King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella signed a decree expelling all Jews from Spain.
1533 - Henry VIII divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
1814 - The allied European nations against Napoleon marched into Paris.
1822 - Florida became a U.S. territory.
1842 - Dr. Crawford W. Long performed the first operation while his patient was anesthetized by ether.
1855 - About 5,000 "Border Ruffians" from western Missouri invaded the territory of Kansas and forced the election of a pro-slavery legislature. It was the first election in Kansas.
1858 - Hyman L. Lipman of Philadelphia patented the pencil.
1867 - The U.S. purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million dollars.
1870 - The 15th amendment, guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of race, was passed by the U.S. Congress.
1870 - Texas was readmitted to the Union.
1903 - Revolutionary activity in the Dominican Republic brought U.S. troops to Santo Domingo to protect American interests.
1905 - U.S. President Roosevelt was chosen to mediate in the Russo-Japanese peace talks.
1909 - The Queensboro bridge in New York opened linking Manhattan and Queens. It was the first double decker bridge.
1909 - In Oklahoma, Seminole Indians revolted against meager pay for government jobs.
1916 - Pancho Villa killed 172 at the Guerrero garrison in Mexico.
1936 - Britain announced a naval construction program of 38 warships.
1940 - The Japanese set up a puppet government called Manchuko in Nanking, China.
1941 - The German Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel began its first offensive against British forces in Libya.
1944 - The U.S. fleet attacked Palau, near the Philippines.
1945 - The U.S.S.R. invaded Austria during World War II.
1946 - The Allies seized 1,000 Nazis attempting to revive the Nazi party in Frankfurt.
1947 - Lord Mountbatten arrived in India as the new Viceroy.
1950 - The invention of the phototransistor was announced.
1950 - U.S. President Truman denounced Senator Joe McCarthy as a saboteur of U.S. foreign policy.
1957 - Tunisia and Morocco signed a friendship treaty in Rabat.
1958 - The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater gave its initial performance.
1964 - "Jeopardy" debuted on NBC-TV.
1964 - John Glenn withdrew from the Ohio race for U.S. Senate because of injuries suffered in a fall.
1970 - "Applause" opened on Broadway.
1970 - "Another World - Somerset" debuted on NBC-TV.
1972 - The British government assumed direct rule over Northern Ireland.
1972 - The Eastertide Offensive began when North Vietnamese troops crossed into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in the northern portion of South Vietnam.
1975 - As the North Vietnamese forces moved toward Saigon South Vietnamese soldiers mob rescue jets in desperation.
1981 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan was shot and wounded in Washington, DC, by John W. Hinckley Jr. Two police officers and Press Secretary James Brady were also wounded.
1984 - The U.S. ended its participation in the multinational peace force in Lebanon.
1987 - Vincent Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" was bought for $39.85 million.
1993 - In Sarajevo, two Serb militiamen were sentenced to death for war crimes committed in Bosnia.
1993 - In the Peanuts comic strip, Charlie Brown hit his first home run.
1994 - Serbs and Croats signed a cease-fire to end their war in Croatia while Bosnian Muslims and Serbs continued to fight each other.
1998 - Rolls-Royce was purchased by BMW in a $570 million deal.
2002 - An unmanned U.S. spy plan crashed at sea in the Southern Philippines.
2002 - Suspected Islamic militants set off several grenades at a temple in Indian-controlled Kashmir. Four civilians, four policemen and two attackers were killed and 20 people were injured. |
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| Quote: | 1492 - King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain issued an edict expelling Jews who were unwilling to convert to Christianity.
1776 - Abigail Adams wrote to her husband John that women were "determined to foment a rebellion" if the new Declaration of Independence failed to guarantee their rights.
1779 - Russia and Turkey signed a treaty concerning military action in Crimea.
1831 - Quebec and Montreal were incorporated as cities.
1854 - The U.S. government signed the Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan. The act opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakotade to American trade.
1862 - Skirmishing between Rebels and Union forces took place at Island 10 on the Mississippi River.
1870 - In Perth Amboy, NJ, Thomas P. Munday became the first black to vote in the U.S.
1880 - Wabash, IN, became the first town to be completely illuminated with electric light.
1889 - In Paris, the Eiffel Tower officially opened.
1900 - The W.E. Roach Company was the first automobile company to put an advertisement in a national magazine. The magazine was the "Saturday Evening Post".
1900 - In France, the National Assembly passed a law reducing the workday for women and children to 11 hours.
1901 - In Russia, the Czar lashed out at Socialist-Revolutionaries with the arrests of 72 people and the seizing of two printing presses.
1902 - In Tennessee, 22 coal miners were killed by an explosion.
1904 - In India, hundreds of Tibetans were slaughtered by the British.
1905 - Kaiser Wilhelm arrived in Tangier proclaiming to support for an independent state of Morocco.
1906 - The Conference on Moroccan Reforms in Algerciras ended after two months with France and Germany in agreement.
1906 - The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States was founded to set rules in amateur sports. The organization became the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1910.
1908 - 250,000 coal miners in Indianapolis, IN, went on strike to await a wage adjustment.
1909 - Serbia accepted Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
1917 - The U.S. purchased and took possession of the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million.
1918 - For the first time in the U.S., Daylight Saving Time went into effect.
1921 - Great Britain declared a state of emergency because of the thousands of coal miners on strike.
1923 - In New York City, the first U.S. dance marathon was held. Alma Cummings set a new world record of 27 hours.
1932 - The Ford Motor Co. debuted its V-8 engine.
1933 - The U.S. Congress authorized the Civilian Conservation Corps to relieve rampant unemployment.
1933 - The "Soperton News" in Georgia became the first newspaper to publish using a pine pulp paper.
1939 - Britain and France agreed to support Poland if Germany threatened invasion.
1940 - La Guardia airport in New York officially opened to the public.
1941 - Germany began a counter offensive in North Africa.
1945 - "The Glass Menagerie" by Tennessee Williams opened on Broadway.
1946 - Monarchists won the elections in Greece.
1947 - John L. Lewis called a strike in sympathy for the miners killed in an explosion in Centralia, IL, on March 25, 1947.
1948 - The Soviets in Germany began controlling the Western trains headed toward Berlin.
1949 - Winston Churchill declared that the A-bomb was the only thing that kept the U.S.S.R. from taking over Europe.
1949 - Newfoundland entered the Canadian confederation as its 10th province.
1958 - The U.S. Navy formed the atomic submarine division.
1959 - The Dalai Lama (Lhama Dhondrub, Tenzin Gyatso) began exile by crossing the border into India where he was granted political asylum. Gyatso was the 14th Daila Lama.
1960 - The South African government declared a state of emergency after demonstrations lead to the death of more than 50 Africans.
1966 - An estimated 200,000 anti-war demonstrators march in New York City.
1966 - The Soviet Union launched Luna 10, which became the first spacecraft to enter a lunar orbit.
1967 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Consular Treaty, the first bi-lateral pact with the Soviet Union since the Bolshevik Revolution.
1970 - The U.S. forces in Vietnam down a MIG-21, it was the first since September 1968.
1976 - The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that Karen Anne Quinlan could be disconnected from a respirator. Quinlan remained comatose until 1985 when she died.
1980 - U.S. President Carter deregulated the banking industry.
1985 - ABC-TV aired the 200th episode of "The Love Boat."
1986 - 167 people died when a Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727 crashed in Los Angeles.
1987 - HBO (Home Box Office) earned its first Oscar for "Down and Out in America".
1989 - Canada and France signed a fishing rights pact.
1991 - Albania offered a multi-party election for the first time in 50 years. Incumbent President Ramiz Alia won.
1991 - Iraqi forces recaptured the northern city of Kirkuk from Kurdish guerillas.
1993 - Brandon Lee was killed accidentally while filming a movie.
1994 - "Nature" magazine announced that a complete skull of Australppithecus afarensis had been found in Ethiopia. The finding is of humankind's earliest ancestor.
1998 - U.N. Security Council imposed arms embargo on Yugoslavia.
1998 - Buddy Hackett received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1998 - For the first time in U.S. history the federal government's detailed financial statement was released. This occurred under the Clinton administration.
1999 - Three U.S. soldiers were captured by Yugoslav soldiers three miles from the Yugoslav border in Macedonia.
1999 - Fabio was hit in the face by a bird during a promotional ride of a new roller coaster at the Busch Gardens theme park in Williamsburg, VA. Fabio received a one-inch cut across his nose.
2000 - In Uganda, officials set the number of deaths linked to a doomsday religious cult, the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments, at more than 900. In Kanungu, a March 17 fire at the cult's church killed more than 530 and authorities subsequently found mass graves at various sites linked to the cult.
2004 - Air America Radio launched five stations around the U.S.
2004 - Google Inc. announced that it would be introducing a free e-mail service called Gmail. |
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| Quote: | 1513 - Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon landed in Florida.
1792 - The U.S. Congress passed the Coinage Act to regulate the coins of the United States. The act authorized $10 Eagle, $5 half-Eagle & 2.50 quarter-Eagle gold coins & silver dollar, dollar, quarter, dime & half-dime to be minted.
1801 - During the Napoleonic Wars, the Danish fleet was destroyed by the British at the Battle of Copenhagen.
1860 - The first Italian Parliament met in Turin.
1865 - Confederate President Davis and most of his Cabinet fled the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA.
1872 - G.B. Brayton received a patent for the gas-powered streetcar.
1877 - The first Egg Roll was held on the grounds of the White House in Washington, DC.
1889 - Charles Hall patented aluminum.
1902 - The first motion picture theatre opened in Los Angeles with the name Electric Theatre.
1905 - The Simplon rail tunnel officially opened. The tunnel went under the Alps and linked Switzerland and Italy.
1910 - Karl Harris perfected the process for the artificial synthesis of rubber.
1914 - The U.S. Federal Reserve Board announced plans to divide the country into 12 districts.
1917 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson presented a declaration of war against Germany to the U.S. Congress.
1932 - A $50,000 ransom was paid for the infant son of Charles and Anna Lindbergh. He child was not returned and was found dead the next month.
1935 - Sir Watson-Watt was granted a patent for RADAR.
1944 - The Soviet Union announced that its troops had crossed the Prut River and entered Romania.
1947 - "The Big Story" debuted on NBC radio. It was on the air for eight years.
1947 - The U.N. Security Council voted to appoint the U.S. as trustee for former Japanese-held Pacific Islands.
1951 - U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower assumed command of all allied forces in the Western Mediterranean area and Europe.
1956 - "The Edge of Night" and "As the World Turns" debuted on CBS-TV.
1958 - The National Advisory Council on Aeronautics was renamed NASA.
1960 - France signed an agreement with Madagascar that proclaimed the country an independent state within the French community.
1963 - Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King began the first non-violent campaign in Birmingham, AL.
1966 - South Vietnamese troops joined in demonstrations at Hue and Da Nang for an end to military rule.
1967 - In Peking, hundreds of thousands demonstrated against Mao foe Liu Shao-chi.
1972 - Burt Reynolds appeared nude in "Cosmopolitan" magazine.
1978 - The first episode of "Dallas" aired on CBS.
1982 - Argentina invaded the British-owned Falkland Islands. The following June Britain took the islands back.
1984 - John Thompson became the first black coach to lead his team to the NCAA college basketball championship.
1984 - In Jerusalem, three Arab gunmen wounded 48 people when they opened fire into a crowd of shoppers.
1985 - The NCAA Rules Committee adopted the 45-second shot clock for men’s basketball to begin in the 1986 season.
1986 - On a TWA airliner flying from Rome to Athens a bomb exploded under a seat killing four Americans.
1987 - The speed limit on U.S. interstate highways was increased to 65 miles per hour in limited areas.
1988 - U.S. Special Prosecutor James McKay declined to indict Attorney General Edwin Meese for criminal wrongdoing.
1989 - An editorial in the "New York Times" declared that the Cold War was over.
1989 - General Prosper Avril, Haiti's military leader, survived a coup attempt. The attempt was apparently provoked by Avril's U.S.-backed efforts to fight drug trafficking.
1990 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein threatened to incinerate half of Israel with chemical weapons if Israel joined a conspiracy against Iraq.
1992 - Mob boss John Gotti was convicted in New York of murder and racketeering. He was later sentenced to life in prison.
1995 - The costliest strike in professional sports history ended when baseball owners agreed to let players play without a contract.
1996 - Russia and Belarus signed a treaty that created a political and economic alliance in an effort to reunite the two former Soviet republics.
1996 - Lech Walesa resumed his old job as an electrician at the Gdansk shipyard. He was the former Solidarity union leader who became Poland's first post-war democratic president.
2002 - Israeli troops surrounded the Church of the Nativity. More than 200 Palestinians had taken refuge at the church when Israel invaded Bethlehem. |
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| Quote: | 1776 - Harvard College conferred the first honorary Doctor of Laws degree to George Washington.
1829 - James Carrington patented the coffee mill.
1860 - The Pony Express connected St. Joseph, MO and Sacramento, CA. The Pony Express only lasted about a year and a half.
1862 - Slavery was abolished in Washington, DC.
1865 - Union forces occupy Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
1866 - Rudolph Eickemeyer and G. Osterheld patented a blocking and shaping machine for hats.
1882 - The American outlaw Jesse James was shot in the back and killed by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward. There was later controversy over whether it was actually Jesse James that had been killed.
1910 - Alaska's Mt. McKinley, the highest mountain in North America was climbed.
1933 - First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt informed newspaper reporters that beer would be served at the White House. This followed the March 22 legislation that legalized "3.2" beer.
1936 - Richard Bruno Hauptmann was executed for the kidnapping and death of the son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh.
1942 - The Japanese began their all-out assault on the U.S. and Filipino troops at Bataan.
1946 - Lt. General Masaharu Homma, the Japanese commander responsible for the Bataan Death March, was executed in the Philippines.
1948 - Harry Truman signed the Marshall Plan to revive war-torn Europe. It was $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
1949 - Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis debuted on radio on the "Martin and Lewis Show". The NBC program ran until 1952.
1953 - "TV Guide" was published for the first time.
1967 - The U.S. State Department said that Hanoi might be brainwashing American prisoners.
1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his "mountaintop" speech just 24 hours before he was assassinated.
1968 - North Vietnam agreed to meet with U.S. representatives to set up preliminary peace talks.
1972 - Charlie Chaplin returned to the U.S. after a twenty-year absence.
1979 - Jane Byrne became the first female mayor in Chicago.
1982 - John Chancellor stepped down as anchor of the "The NBC Nightly News." Roger Mudd and Tom Brokaw became the co-anchors of the show.
1984 - Sikh terrorists killed a member of the Indian Parliament in his home.
1984 - Col. Lansana Konte became the new president of Guinea when the armed forces seized power after the death of Sekou Toure.
1985 - The U.S. charged that Israel violated the Geneva Convention by deporting Shiite prisoners.
1987 - Riots disrupted mass during the Pope's visit to Santiago, Chili.
1993 - The Norman Rockwell Museum opened in Stockbridge, MA.
1996 - An Air Force jetliner carrying Commerce Secretary Ron Brown crashed in Croatia, killing all 35 people aboard.
1996 - Unabomber suspect Theodore Kaczynski was arrested. He pled guilty in January 1998 to five Unabomber attacks in exchange for a life sentence without chance for parole.
1998 - The Dow Jones industrial average climbed above 9,000 for the first time.
2000 - A U.S. federal judge ruled that Microsoft had violated U.S. antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors. Microsoft said that they would appeal the ruling.
2000 - The Nasdaq set a one-day record when it lost 349.15 points to close at 4,233.68. |
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| Quote: | 0896 - Formosus ended his reign as pope.
1541 - Ignatius of Loyola became the first superior-general of the Jesuits.
1581 - Frances Drake completed the circumnavigation of the world.
1687 - King James II ordered that his declaration of indulgence be read in church.
1812 - The territory of Orleans became the 18th U.S. state and will become known as Louisiana.
1818 - The U.S. flag was declared to have 13 red and white stripes and 20 stars and that a new star would be added for the each new state.
1841 - U.S. President William Henry Harrison, at the age of 68, became the first president to die in office. He had been sworn in only a month before he died of pneumonia.
1848 - Thomas Douglas became the first San Francisco public teacher.
1850 - The city of Los Angeles was incorporated.
1862 - In the U.S., the Battle of Yorktown began as Union General George B. McClellan closed in on Richmond, VA.
1887 - Susanna M. Salter became mayor of Argonia, KS, making her the first woman mayor in the U.S.
1902 - British Financier Cecil Rhodes left $10 million in his will that would provide scholarships for Americans to Oxford University in England.
1905 - In Kangra, India, an earthquake killed 370,000 people.
1914 - The first known serialized moving picture opened in New York City, NY. It was "The Perils of Pauline".
1917 - The U.S. Senate voted 90-6 to enter World War I on the Allied side.
1918 - The Battle of Somme, an offensive by the British against the German Army ended.
1932 - After five years of research, professor C.G. King, of the University of Pittsburgh, isolated vitamin C.
1945 - Hungary was liberated from Nazi occupation.
1945 - During World War II, U.S. forces liberated the Nazi death camp Ohrdruf in Germany.
1949 - Twelve nations signed a treaty to create The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
1953 - Fifteen doctors were released by Soviet leaders. The doctors had been arrested before Stalin had died and were accused of plotting against him.
1967 - The U.S. lost its 500th plane over Vietnam.
1967 - Johnny Carson quit "The Tonight Show." He returned three weeks later after getting a raise of $30,000 a week.
1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated at the age of 39.
1969 - Dr. Denton Cooley implanted the first temporary artificial heart.
1971 - Veterans stadium in Philadelphia, PA, was dedicated this day.
1974 - Hank Aaron tied Babe Ruth's major league baseball home-run record with 714.
1975 - More than 130 people, most of them children, were killed when a U.S. Air Force transport plane evacuating Vietnamese orphans crashed just after takeoff from Saigon.
1979 - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the president of Pakistan, was executed. He had been convicted of conspiring to murder a political opponent.
1981 - Henry Cisneros became the first Mexican-American elected mayor of a major U.S. city, which was San Antonio, TX.
1984 - U.S. President Reagan proposed an international ban on chemical weapons.
1986 - Wayne Gretzky set an NHL record with his 213th point of the season.
1987 - The U.S. charged the Soviet Union with wiretapping a U.S. Embassy.
1988 - Arizona Governor Evan Mecham was voted out of office by the Arizona Senate. Mecham was found guilty of diverting state funds to his auto business and of trying to impede an investigation into a death threat to a grand jury witness.
1990 - In the U.S., securities law violator Ivan Boesky was released from federal custody.
1991 - Pennsylvanian Senator John Heinz and six others were killed when a helicopter collided with Heinz's plane over a schoolyard in Merion, PA.
1992 - Sali Berisha became the first non-Marxist president of Albania since World War II.
1994 - Netscape Communications (Mosaic Communications) was founded.
1995 - U.S. Senator Alfonse D'Amato ridiculed judge Lance Ito using a mock Japanese accent on a nationally syndicated radio program. D'Amato apologized two days later for the act.
1999 - The Colorado Rockies and the San Diego Padres played the first major league season opener to be held in Mexico. The Rockies beat the Padres 8-2. |
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| Quote: | 1242 - Russian troops repelled an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.
1614 - American Indian Pocahontas married English colonist John Rolfe in Virginia.
1621 - The Mayflower sailed from Plymouth, MA, on a return trip to England.
1792 - U.S. President George Washington cast the first presidential veto. The measure was for apportioning representatives among the states.
1806 - Isaac Quintard patented the cider mill.
1827 - James H. Hackett became the first American actor to appear abroad as he performed at Covent Garden in London, England.
1843 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Hong Kong to be a British crown colony.
1869 - Daniel Bakeman, the last surviving soldier of the U.S. Revolutionary War, died at the age of 109.
1887 - Anne Sullivan taught Helen Keller the meaning of the word "water" as spelled out in the manual alphabet.
1892 - Walter H. Coe patented gold leaf in rolls.
1895 - Playwright Oscar Wilde lost his criminal libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry. Wilde had been accused of homosexual practices.
1908 - The Japanese Army reached the Yalu River as the Russians retreated.
1919 - Eamon de Valera became president of Ireland.
1923 - Firestone Tire and Rubber Company began the first regular production of balloon tires.
1930 - Mahatma Ghandi defied British law by making salt in India.
1933 - The first operation to remove a lung was performed at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, MO.
1941 - German commandos secured docks along the Danube River in preparation for Germany’s invasion of the Balkans.
1951 - Americans Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were sentenced to death for committing espionage for the Soviet Union.
1953 - Jomo Kenyatta was convicted and sentenced to 7 years in prison for orchestrating the Mau-Mau rebellion in Kenya.
1955 - Winston Churchill resigned as British prime minister.
1984 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Los Angeles Lakers) became the all-time NBA regular season scoring leader when he broke Wilt Chamberlain's record of 31,419 career points.
1985 - John McEnroe said "any man can beat any woman at any sport, especially tennis."
1986 - A discotheque in Berlin was bombed by Libyans. The U.S. attacked Libya with warplanes on April 15, 1986.
1987 - FOX Broadcasting Company launched "Married....With Children" and "The Tracey Ullman Show". The two shows were the beginning of the FOX lineup.
1989 - In Poland, accords were signed between Solidarity and the government that set free elections for June 1989. The eight-year ban on Solidarity was also set to be lifted.
1998 - The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan opened becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world. It links Shikoku and Honshu. The bridge cost about $3.8 billion.
1999 - Two Libyans suspected of bombing a Pan Am jet in 1988 were handed over so they could be flown to the Netherlands for trial. 270 people were killed in the bombing.
1999 - In Laramie, WY, Russell Henderson plead guilty to kidnapping and felony murder in the death of Matthew Shepard.
2004 - Near Mexico City's international airport, lightning struck the jet Mexican President Vicente Fox was on. |
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| Quote: | 1199 - English King Richard I was killed by an arrow at the siege of the castle of Chaluz in France.
1789 - The first U.S. Congress began regular sessions at the Federal Hall in New York City.
1814 - Granted sovereignty in the island of Elba and a pension from the French government, Napoleon Bonaparte abdicates at Fountainebleau. He was allowed to keep the title of emperor.
1830 - Joseph Smith and five others organized the Mormon Church in Seneca, NY.
1830 - Relations between the Texans and Mexico reached a new low when Mexico would not allow further emigration into Texas by settlers from the U.S.
1862 - The American Civil War Battle of Shiloh began in Tennessee.
1865 - At the Battle of Sayler's Creek, a third of Lee's army was cut off by Union troops pursuing him to Appomattox.
1875 - Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for the multiple telegraph, which sent two signals at the same time.
1896 - The first modern Olympic Games began in Athens, Greece.
1903 - French Army Nationalists were revealed for forging documents to guarantee a conviction for Alfred Dryfus.
1909 - Americans Robert Peary and Matthew Henson claimed to be the first men to reach the North Pole.
1916 - Charlie Chaplin became the highest-paid film star in the world when he signed a contract with Mutual Film Corporation for $675,000 a year. He was 26 years old.
1917 - The U.S. Congress approved a declaration of war on Germany and entered World War I on the Allied side.
1924 - Four planes leave Seattle on the first successful flight around the world.
1927 - William P. MacCracken, Jr. earned license number ‘1’ when the Department of Commerce issued the first aviator’s license.
1931 - "Little Orphan Annie" debuted on the NBC Blue network.
1938 - The United States recognized the German conquest of Austria.
1941 - German forces invaded Greece and Yugoslavia.
1945 - "This is Your FBI" debuted on ABC radio.
1953 - Iranian Premier Mossadegh demanded that the shah's power be reduced.
1957 - Trolley cars in New York City completed their final runs.
1959 - Hal Holbrook opened in the off-Broadway presentation of "Mark Twain Tonight."
1965 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized the use of ground troops in combat operations in Vietnam.
1967 - In South Vietnam, 1,500 Viet Cong attacked Quangtri and freed 200 prisoners.
1985 - William J. Schroeder became the first artificial heart recipient to be discharged from the hospital.
1987 - Dennis Levine began a two-year jail term for insider trading.
1987 - Sugar Ray Leonard took the middleweight title from Marvin Hagler.
1988 - Mathew Henson was awarded honors in Arlington National Cemetery. Henson had discovered the North Pole with Robert Peary.
1997 - Mario Lemieux (Pittsburgh Penguins) announced that he would retire from the National Hockey League (NHL) following the playoffs of the current season.
1998 - Citicorp and Travelers Group announced that they would be merging. The new creation was the largest financial-services conglomerate in the world. The name would become Citigroup.
1998 - The Dow Jones industrial average closed above 9,000 points for the first time.
1998 - Federal researchers in the U.S. announced that daily tamoxifen pills could cut breast cancer risk among high-risk women.
1998 - Pakistan successfully tested medium-range missiles capable of attacking neighboring India.
1999 - Carmen Electra filed for a divorce from Dennis Rodman. They had only been married six months. |
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| Quote: | 1652 - The Dutch established a settlement at Cape Town, South Africa.
1712 - A slave revolt broke out in New York City.
1798 - The territory of Mississippi was organized.
1862 - Union General Ulysses S. Grant defeated Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh, TN.
1864 - The first camel race in America was held in Sacramento, California.
1888 - P.F. Collier published a weekly periodical for the first time under the name "Collier’s."
1922 - U.S. Secretary of Interior leased Teapot Dome naval oil reserves in Wyoming.
1927 - The first long-distance TV transmission was sent from Washington, DC, to New York City. The audience saw an image of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover.
1930 - The first steel columns were set for the Empire State Building.
1933 - Prohibition ended in the United States.
1940 - Booker T. Washington became the first black to be pictured on a U.S. postage stamp.
1943 - British and American armies linked up between Wadi Akarit and El Guettar in North Africa to form a solid line against the German army.
1945 - The Japanese battleship Yamato, the world’s largest battleship, was sunk during the battle for Okinawa. The fleet was headed for a suicide mission.
1948 - The musical "South Pacific" by Rogers and Hammerstein debuted on Broadway.
1948 - The United Nations' World Health Organization began operations.
1953 - The Big Four met for the first time in 2 years to seek an end to their air conflicts.
1953 - IBM unveiled the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine. It was IBM's first commercially available scientific computer.
1957 - The last of New York City's electric trolleys completed its final run from Queens to Manhattan.
1963 - At the age of 23, Jack Nicklaus became the youngest golfer to win the Green Jacket at the Masters Tournament.
1963 - Yugoslavia proclaimed itself a Socialist republic.
1963 - Josip Broz Tito was proclaimed to be the leader of Yugoslavia for life.
1966 - The U.S. recovered a hydrogen bomb it had lost off the coast of Spain.
1967 - Israel reported that they had shot down six Syrian MIGs.
1969 - The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously struck down laws prohibiting private possession of obscene material.
1970 - John Wayne won his first and only Oscar for his role in "True Grit." He had been in over 200 films.
1971 - U.S. President Nixon pledged to withdraw 100,000 more men from Vietnam by December.
1980 - The U.S. broke diplomatic relations with Iran and imposed economic sanctions in response to the taking of hostages on November 4, 1979.
1983 - Specialist Story Musgrave and Don Peterson made the first Space Shuttle spacewalk.
1985 - In Goteborg, Sweden, China swept all of the world table tennis titles except for men's doubles.
1985 - In Sudan, Gen. Swar el-Dahab took over the Presidency while President Gaafar el-Nimeiry was visiting the U.S. and Egypt.
1985 - The Soviet Union announced a unilateral freeze on medium-range nuclear missiles.
1987 - In Oklahoma a 16-month-old baby was killed by a pit bull. On the same day a 67-year-old man was killed by another pit bull in Dayton, OH.
1988 - Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to final terms of a Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. Soviet troops began leaving on May 16, 1988.
1988 - In Fort Smith, AR, 13 white supremacists were acquitted on charges for plotting to overthrow the U.S. federal government.
1989 - A Soviet submarine carrying nuclear weapons sank in the Norwegian Sea.
1990 - In the U.S., John Poindexter was found guilty of five counts at his Iran-Contra trial. The convictions were later reversed on appeal.
1990 - At Cincinnati's Contemporary Arts Center a display of Robert Mapplethorpe's photographs went on display. On the same day the center and its director were indicted on obscenity charges. The charges resulted in acquittal.
1994 - Civil war erupted in Rwanda between the Patriotic Front rebel group and government soldiers. Hundreds of thousands were slaughtered in the months that followed.
1998 - Mary Bono, the widow of Sonny Bono, won a special election to serve out the remainder of her husband's congressional term.
1999 - Yugoslav authorities sealed off Kosovo's main border crossings to prevent ethnic Albanians from leaving.
2000 - U.S. President Clinton signed the Senior Citizens Freedom to Work Act of 2000. The bill reversed a Depression-era law and allows senior citizens to earn money without losing Social Security retirement benefits.
2002 - The Roman Catholic archdiocese announced that six priests from the Archdiocese of New York were suspended over allegations of sexual misconduct. |
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| Quote: | 513 - Explorer Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain.
1525 - Albert von Brandenburg, the leader of the Teutonic Order, assumes the title "Duke of Prussia" and passed the first laws of the Protestant church, making Prussia a Protestant state.
1789 - The U.S. House of Representatives held its first meeting.
1832 - About 300 American troops of the 6th Infantry left Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, to confront the Sauk Indians in the Black Hawk War.
1834 - In New York City, Cornelius Lawrence became the first mayor to be elected by popular vote in a city election.
1839 - The first Intercollegiate Rodeo was held at the Godshall Ranch, Apple Valley, CA.
1873 - Alfred Paraf patented the first successful oleomargarine.
1911 - The first squash tournament was played at the Harvard Club in New York City.
1913 - The Seventeenth amendment was ratified, requiring direct election of senators.
1935 - The Works Progress Administration was approved by the U.S. Congress.
1939 - Italy invaded Albania.
1942 - The Soviets opened a rail link to the besieged city of Leningrad.
1943 - Wendell Wilkie’s "One World" was published for the first time.
1946 - The League of Nations assembled in Geneva for the last time.
1947 - The first illustrated insurance policy was issued by the Allstate Insurance Company.
1952 - U.S. President Truman seized steel mills to prevent a nationwide strike.
1953 - The bones of Sitting Bull were moved from North Dakota to South Dakota.
1962 - Bay of Pigs invaders got thirty years imprisonment in Cuba.
1974 - Hank Aaron hits 715th home run breaking Babe Ruth's record.
1975 - Frank Robinson of the Cleveland Indians became first black manager of a major league baseball team.
1985 - India filed suit against Union Carbide for the Bhopal disaster.
1985 - Phyllis Diller underwent a surgical procedure for permanent eyeliner to eliminate the need for eyelid makeup.
1986 - Clint Eastwood was elected mayor of Carmel, CA.
1987 - Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigned over remarks he had made. While on ABC's "Nightline" Campanis said that blacks "may not have some of the necessities" to hold managerial jobs in major-league baseball.
1988 - Former U.S. President Reagan aid Lyn Nofzinger was sentenced to prison for illegal lobbying for Wedtech Corp.
1998 - The widow of Martin Luther King Jr. presented new evidence in an appeal for new federal investigation of the assassination of her husband.
2000 - 19 U.S. troops were killed when a Marine V22 Osprey crashed during a training mission in Arizona.
2002 - Ed McMahon filed a $20 million lawsuit against his insurance company, two insurance adjusters, and several environmental cleanup contractors. The suit alleged breach of contract, negligence and intentional infliction of emotional distress concerning a toxic mold that had spread through McMahon's Beverly Hills home. |
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| Quote: | 0193 - In the Balkans, the distinguished soldier Septimius Seversus was proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
0715 - Constantine ended his reign as Catholic Pope.
1241 - In the Battle of Liegnitz, Mongol armies defeated the Poles and the Germans.
1454 - The city states of Venice, Milan and Florence signed a peace agreement at Lodi, Italy.
1667 - In Paris, The first public art exhibition was held at the Palais-Royale.
1682 - Robert La Salle claimed the lower Mississippi River and all lands that touch it for France.
1770 - Captain James Cook discovered Botany Bay on the Australian continent.
1831 - Robert Jenkins lost an ear. The event started a war between Britain and Spain.
1833 - Peterborough, NH, opened the first municipally supported public library in the United States.
1838 - The National Galley opened in London.
1865 - At Appomattox Court House, Virginia, General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate Army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in the parlor of William McClean's home. Grant allowed Rebel officers to keep their sidearms and permitted soldiers to keep their horses and mules. Though there were still Confederate armies in the field, the war was officially over. The four years of fighting had killed 360,000 Union troops and 260,000 Confederate troops.
1866 - The Civil Rights Bill passed over U.S. President Andrew Johnson's veto.
1867 - The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty with Russia that purchased the territory of Alaska by one vote.
1869 - The Hudson Bay Company ceded its territory to Canada.
1870 - The American Anti-Slavery Society was dissolved.
1872 - S.R. Percy received a patent for dried milk.
1900 - British forces routed the Boers at Kroonstadt, South Africa.
1905 - The first aerial ferry bridge went into operation in Duluth, MN.
1912 - The first exhibition baseball game was held at Fenway Park in Boston. The game was between Red Sox and Havard.
1913 - The Brooklyn Dodgers' Ebbets Field opened.
1914 - In London, the first full-color film, "The World, The Flesh & the Devil," was shown.
1916 - The German army launched it’s third offensive during the Battle of Verdun.
1917 - The Battle of Arras began as Canadian troops began a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
1918 - Latvia proclaimed its independence.
1921 - The Russo-Polish conflict ended with signing of Riga Treaty.
1928 - Mae West made her debut on Broadway in the production of "Diamond Lil."
1940 - Germany invaded Norway and Denmark.
1942 - In the Battle of Bataan, American and Filipino forces were overwhelmed by the Japanese Army.
1945 - National Football League officials decreed that it was mandatory for football players to wear socks in all league games.
1945 - At Bari, Italy, the Liberty exploded and killed 360 people. The ship was carrying aerial bombs.
1947 - 169 people were killed and 1,300 were injured by a series of tornadoes in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas.
1950 - Bob Hope made his first television appearance on "Star-Spangled Review" on NBC-TV.
1953 - TV Guide was published for the first time.
1957 - The Suez Canal was cleared for all shipping.
1959 - NASA announced the selection of America's first seven astronauts.
1963 - Winston Churchill became the first honorary U.S. citizen.
1965 - "TIME" magazine featured a cover with the entire "Peanuts" comic gang.
1965 - The Houston Astrodome held its first baseball game.
1967 - The first Boeing 737 was rolled out for use.
1968 - Murdered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., was buried.
1976 - The U.S. and Russia agreed on the size of nuclear tests for peaceful use.
1984 - Nicaragua asked the World Court to declare U.S. support for guerilla raids illegal.
1985 - Japanese Premier Nakasone urged Japanese people to buy foreign products.
1986 - It was announced that Patrick Duffy's character on the TV show Dallas would be returning after being killed off.
1987 - Dikye Baggett became the first person to undergo corrective surgery for Parkinson’s disease.
1988 - The U.S. imposed economic sanctions on Panama.
1989 - 16 civilians were killed during rioting in Soviet Georgia.
1989 - Hundreds of thousands marched past the White House in support of the right to abortion.
1991 - Georgia voted to secede from the U.S.S.R.
1992 - Former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega was convicted in Miami, FL, of eight drug and racketeering charges.
1998 - The National Prisoner of War Museum opened in Andersonville, GA, at the site of an infamous Civil War camp.
1998 - More than 150 Muslims died in stampede in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, on last day of the haj pilgrimage.
1999 - In Djibouti, Ismail Omar Guelleh of the ruling Popular Rally for Progress and the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy was elected president.
1999 - In Niger, President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara was assassinated. Daouda Malam Wanke was designated president two days later.
2000 - CBS-TV aired "Failsafe." It was the first live full-length show to by aired by CBS in 39 years.
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| Quote: | 1741 - Frederick II of Prussia defeated Maria Theresa's forces at Mollwitz and conquered Silesia.
1790 - The U.S. patent system was established.
1809 - Austria declared war on France and its forces entered Bavaria.
1814 - Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Toulouse by the British and the Spanish. The defeat led to his abdication and exile to Elba.
1825 - The first hotel opened in Hawaii.
1849 - Walter Hunt patented the safety pin. He sold the rights for $100.
1854 - The constitution of the Orange Free State in south Africa was proclaimed.
1862 - Union forces began the bombardment of Fort Pulaski in Georgia along the Tybee River.
1865 - During the American Civil War, at Appomattox, General Robert E. Lee issued his last order.
1866 - The American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) was incorporated.
1902 - South African Boers accepted British terms of surrender.
1912 - The Titanic set sail from Southampton, England.
1916 - The Professional Golfers Association (PGA) held its first championship tournament.
1919 - In Mexico, revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata was killed by government troops.
1922 - The Genoa Conference opened. The meeting was used to discuss the reconstruction of Europe after World War I.
1925 - F. Scott Fitzgerald published "The Great Gatsby" for the first time.
1930 - The first synthetic rubber was produced.
1932 - Paul von Hindenburg was elected president of Germany with 19 million votes. Adolf Hitler came in second with 13 million votes.
1938 - Germany annexed Austria. 99.75 percent of Austrians had voted in a referundum to merge with Germany.
1941 - In World War II, U.S. troops occupied Greenland to prevent Nazi infiltration.
1941 - Ford Motor Co. became the last major automaker to recognize the United Auto Workers as the representative for its workers.
1944 - Russian troops recaptured Odessa from the Germans.
1945 - German Me 262 jet fighters shot down ten U.S. bombers near Berlin.
1953 - Warner Bros. released "House of Wax." It was the first 3-D movie to be released by a major Hollywood studio.
1953 - Actress Hedy Lamarr became a U.S. citizen.
1959 - Japan's Crown Prince Akihito married commoner Michiko Shoda.
1960 - The U.S. Senate passed the Civil Rights Bill.
1961 - Gary Player of South Africa became the first foreign golfer to win the Masters Golf Tournament in Augusta, Georgia.
1963 - 129 people died when the nuclear-powered submarine USS Thresher failed to surface off Cape Cod, MA.
1967 - The 13-day strike by the American Federation of Radio-TV Artists (AFTRA) came to an end less than two hours before the 39th Academy Awards presentation went on the air.
1968 - U.S. President Johnson replaced General Westmoreland with General Creighton Abrams in Vietnam.
1971 - The American table tennis team arrived in China. They were the first group of Americans officially allowed into China since the founding of the People Republic in 1949. The team had recieved the surprise invitation while in Japan for the 31st World Table Tennis Championship.
1972 - An earthquake in southern Iran killed more than 5,000 people.
1972 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union joined with 70 other nations in signing an agreement banning biological warfare.
1973 - In Switzerland, 108 people died when a plane crashed while attempting to land at Basel.
1974 - Yitzhak Rabin replaced resigning Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir. Meir resigned over differences within her Labor Party.
1980 - Spain and Britain agreed to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain. It had been closed since 1969.
1981 - Imprisoned IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands was elected to the British Parliament.
1988 - On Wall Street, 48 million shares of Navistar International stock changed hands in a single-block trade. It was the largest transaction ever executed on the New York Stock Exchange.
1990 - Three European hostages kidnapped at sea in 1987 by Palestinian extremists were released in Beirut.
1992 - A bomb exploded in London's financial district. The bomb, set off by the Irish Republican Army, killed three people and injured 91.
1992 - Outside Needles, CA, comedian Sam Kinison was killed when a pickup truck slammed into his car on a desert road between Los Angeles and Las Vegas.
1992 - In Los Angeles, financier Charles Keating Jr. was sentenced to nine years in prison for swindling investors when his Lincoln Savings and Loan collapsed. The convictions were later overturned.
1993 - South African Communist Party leader Chris Hani was assassinated.
1994 - NATO warplanes launched air strikes for the first time on Serb forces that were advancing on the Bosnian Muslim town of Gordazde. The area had been declared a U.N. safe area.
1996 - U.S. President Clinton vetoed a bill that would have outlawed a technique used to end pregnancies in their late stages.
1997 - Rod Steiger received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1998 - Negotiators reached a peace accord on governing British ruled Northern Ireland. Britain's direct rule was ended.
1999 - The www.June4.org web site was launched by Chinese dissidents and human rights activists to promote their campaign for democracy in China.
2000 - Monitors from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) reported irregularities in the voting in Georgia's presidential election on April 9. President Eduard Shevardnadze was reelected to a new five-year term.
2000 - Ken Griffey Jr. became the youngest player in baseball history to reach 400 home runs. He was 30 years, 141 days old.
2001 - Jane Swift took office as the first female governor of Massachusetts. She succeeded Paul Cellucci, who had resigned to become the U.S. ambassador to Canada.
2001 - The Netherlands legalized mercy killings and assisted suicide for patients with unbearable, terminal illness.
2002 - Former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke before the U.S. Senate as a representative of the Israeli government. He warned that suicide bombers would spread to the U.S. if Israel was not allowed to finish its military offensive in the West Bank. Netanyaho also cited the goals of dismantling the terror regime and expelling Arafat from the region, ridding the Palestinian territories of terrorist weapons and establishing "physical barriers" to protect Israelis from future Palestinian attacks. |
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| Quote: | 1512 - The forces of the Holy League were heavily defeated by the French at the Battle of Ravenna.
1689 - William III and Mary II were crowned as joint sovereigns of Britain.
1713 - The Treaty of Utrecht was signed, ending the War of Spanish Succession.
1783 - After receiving a copy of the provisional treaty on March 13, the U.S. Congress proclaimed a formal end to hostilities with Great Britain.
1803 - A twin-screw propeller steamboat was patented by John Stevens.
1814 - Napoleon was forced to abdicate his throne. The allied European nations had marched into Paris on March 30, 1814. He was banished to the island of Elba.
1876 - The stenotype was patented by John C. Zachos.
1876 - The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks was organized.
1895 - Anaheim, CA, completed its new electric light system.
1898 - U.S. President William McKinley asked Congress for a declaration of war with Spain.
1899 - The treaty ending the Spanish-American War was declared in effect.
1921 - Iowa became the first state to impose a cigarette tax.
1921 - The first live sports event on radio took place this day on KDKA Radio. The event was a boxing match between Johnny Ray and Johnny Dundee.
1940 - Andrew Ponzi set a world's record in a New York pocket billiards tournament when he ran 127 balls straight.
1941 - Germany bombers blitzed Conventry, England.
1945 - U.S. troops reached the Elbe River in Germany.
1945 - During World War II, American soldiers liberated the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald in Germany.
1947 - Jackie Robinson became the first black player in major-league history. He played in an exhibition game for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
1951 - U.S. President Truman fired General Douglas MacArthur as head of United Nations forces in Korea.
1961 - Israel began the trial of Adolf Eichman, accused of World War II war crimes.
1968 - U.S. President Johnson signed the 1968 Civil Rights Act.
1970 - Apollo 13 blasted off on a mission to the moon that was disrupted when an explosion crippled the spacecraft. The astronauts did return safely.
1974 - The Judiciary committee subpoenas U.S. President Richard Nixon to produce tapes for impeachment inquiry.
1979 - Idi Amin was deposed as president of Uganda as rebels and exiles backed by Tanzanian forces seized control.
1980 - The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission issued regulations specifically prohibiting sexual harassment of workers by supervisors.
1981 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan returned to the White House from the hospital after recovering from an assassination attempt.
1985 - Scientists in Hawaii measured the distance between the earth and moon within one inch.
1985 - The White House announced that President Reagan would visit the Nazi cemetery at Bitburg.
1986 - Dodge Morgan sailed solo nonstop around the world in 150 days.
1986 - In Groton, CT, the submarine Nautilus exhibit opened to the public.
1986 - Kellogg's stopped giving tours of its breakfast-food plant. The reason for the end of the 80-year tradition was said to be that company secrets were at risk due to spies from other cereal companies.
1991 - U.N. Security Council issued a formal cease-fire with Iraq.
1996 - Forty-three African nations signed the African Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty.
1996 - Seven-year-old Jessica Dubroff was killed with her father and flight instructor when her plane crashed after takeoff from Cheyenne, Wyoming. Jessica had hoped to become the youngest person to fly cross-country.
1998 - Northern Ireland's biggest political party, the Ulster Unionists, announced its backing of the historic peace deal.
1999 - Daouda Malam Wanke was designated president of Niger. President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara had been assassinated on April 9.
2001 - China agreed to release 24 crewmembers of a U.S. surveillance plane. The EP-3E Navy crew had been held since April 1 on Hainon, where the plane had made an emergency landing after an in-flight collision with a Chinese fighter jet. The Chinese pilot was missing and presumed dead. |
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| Quote: | 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople.
1606 - England adopted the original Union Jack as its flag.
1770 - The British Parliament repealed the Townsend Acts.
1782 - The British navy won its only naval engagement against the colonists in the American Revolution at the Battle of Saints, off Dominica.
1799 - Phineas Pratt patented the comb cutting machine.
1811 - The first colonists arrived at Cape Disappointment, Washington.
1833 - Charles Gaylor patented the fireproof safe.
1861 - Fort Sumter was shelled by Confederacy, starting America's Civil War.
1864 - Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest captured Fort Pillow, in Tennessee and slaughters the black Union troops there.
1877 - A catcher's mask was used in a baseball game for the first time by James Alexander Tyng.
1892 - Voters in Lockport, New York, became the first in the U.S. to use voting machines.
1905 - The Hippodrome opened in New York City.
1911 - Pierre Prier completed the first non-stop London-Paris flight in three hours and 56 minutes.
1916 - American cavalrymen and Mexican bandit troops clashed at Parrel, Mexico.
1927 - The British Cabinet came out in favor of women voting rights.
1934 - F. Scott Fitzgerald novel "Tender Is the Night" was first published.
1938 - The first U.S. law requiring a medical test for a marriage license was enacted in New York.
1944 - The U.S. Twentieth Air Force was activated to begin the strategic bombing of Japan.
1945 - In New York, the organization of the first eye bank, the Eye Bank for Sight Restoration, was announced.
1945 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in Warm Spring, GA. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Harry S. Truman became president.
1955 - The University of Michigan Polio Vaccine Evaluation Center announced that the polio vaccine of Dr. Jonas Salk was "safe, effective and potent."
1961 - Soviet Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin became first man to orbit the Earth.
1963 - Police used dogs and cattle prods on peaceful civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, AL.
1966 - Emmett Ashford became the first African-American major league umpire.
1967 - Jim Brown made his TV acting debut on the NBC show "I Spy."
1969 - Lucy and Snoopy of the comic strip "Peanuts" made the cover of "Saturday Review."
1981 - The space shuttle Columbia blasted off from Cape Canaveral, FL, on its first test flight.
1983 - Harold Washington was elected the first black mayor of Chicago.
1984 - Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Challenger made the first satellite repair in orbit by returning the Solar Max satellite to space.
1984 - Israeli troops stormed a bus that had been hijacked the previous evening by four Arab terrorists. All the passengers were rescued and 2 of the hijackers were killed.
1985 - U.S. Senator Jake Garn of Utah became the first senator to fly in space as the shuttle Discovery lifted off from Cape Canaveral, FL.
1985 - In Spain, an explosion in a restaurant near a U.S. base killed 17 people.
1985 - Federal inspectors declared that four animals of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus were not unicorns. They were goats with horns that had been surgically implanted.
1987 - Texaco filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy after it failed to settle a legal dispute with Pennzoil Co.
1988 - Harvard University won a patent for a genetically altered mouse. It was the first patent for a life form.
1988 - The Chinese government named a new array of younger leaders to ensure economic reform.
1989 - In the U.S.S.R, ration cards were issued for the first time since World War II. The ration was prompted by a sugar shortage.
1992 - Disneyland Paris opened in Marne-La-Vallee, France.
1993 - NATO began enforcing a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2000 - More than 1,500 anti-drug agents raided four cities in Colombia and arrested 46 members of the "most powerful" heroin ring.
2000 - Robert Cleaves, 71, was convicted of second degree murder and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Cleaves had repeatedly run over Arnold Guerreiro on September 30, 1998 with his car after the two had an argument.
2000 - Israel's High Court ordered the release of eight Lebanese detainees that had been held for years without a trial.
2002 - A first edition version of Beatrix Potter's "Peter Rabbit" sold for $64,780 at Sotheby's. A signed first edition of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit" sold for $66,630. A copy of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," signed by J.K. Rowling sold for $16,660. A 250-piece collection of rare works by Charles Dickens sold for $512,650.
2002 - It was announced that the South African version of "Sesame Street" would be introducing a character that was HIV-positive.
2002 - JCPenney Chairman Allen Questrom rang the opening bell to start the business day at the New York Stock Exchange as part of the company's centennial celebrations. James Cash (J.C.) Penney opened his first retail store on April 14, 1902. |
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| Quote: | 1543 - Bartoleme Ferrelo returned to Spain after discovering San Francisco Bay in the New World.
1775 - The first abolitionist society in U.S. was organized in Philadelphia with Ben Franklin as president.
1793 - A royalist rebellion in Santo Domingo was crushed by French republican troops.
1828 - The first edition of Noah Webster's dictionary was published under the name "American Dictionary of the English Language."
1860 - The first Pony Express rider arrived in San Francisco with mail originating in St. Joseph, MO.
1865 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in Ford's Theater by John Wilkes Booth. He actually died early the next morning.
1894 - First public showing of Thomas Edison's kinetoscope took place.
1902 - James Cash (J.C.) Penney opened his first retail store in Kemmerer, WY. It was called the Golden Rule Store.
1910 - U.S. President William Howard Taft threw out the first ball for the Washington Senators and the Philadelphia Athletics.
1912 - The Atlantic passenger liner Titanic, on its maiden voyage hit an iceberg and began to sink. 1,517 people lost their lives and more than 700 survived.
1918 - The U.S. First Aero Squadron engaged in America's first aerial dogfight with enemy aircraft over Toul, France.
1925 - WGN became the first radio station to broadcast a regular season major league baseball game. The Cubs beat the Pirates 8-2.
1931 - King Alfonso XIII of Spain went into exile and the Spanish Republic was proclaimed.
1939 - The John Steinbeck novel "The Grapes of Wrath" was first published.
1946 - The civil war between Communists and nationalist resumed in China.
1953 - Viet Minh invaded Laos with 40,00 troops.
1956 - Ampex Corporation of Redwood City, CA, demonstrated the first commercial magnetic tape recorder for sound and picture.
1959 - The Taft Memorial Bell Tower was dedicated in Washington, DC.
1969 - The first major league baseball game was played in Montreal, Canada.
1981 - America's first space shuttle, Columbia, returned to Earth after a three-day test flight. The shuttle orbited the Earth 36 times during the mission.
1984 - The Texas Board of Education began requiring that the state's public school textbooks describe the evolution of human beings as "theory rather than fact".
1985 - The Russian paper "Pravda" called U.S. President Reagan's planned visit to Bitburg to visit the Nazi cemetery an "act of blasphemy".
1986 - U.S. President Reagan announced the U.S. air raid on military and terrorist related targets in Libya.
1987 - Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev proposed banning all missiles from Europe.
1988 - Representatives from the U.S.S.R., Pakistan, Afghanistan and the U.S. signed an agreement that called for the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan. The last Soviet troop left Afghanistan on February 15, 1989.
1988 - In New York, real estate tycoons Harry and Leona Helmsley were indicted for income tax evasion.
1990 - Cal Ripken of the Baltimore Orioles began a streak of 95 errorless games and 431 total chances by a shortstop.
1994 - Two American F-15 warplanes inadvertently shot down two U.S. helicopters over northern Iraq. 26 people were killed including 15 Americans.
1998 - The state of Virginia ignored the requests from the World Court and executed a Paraguayan for the murder of a U.S. woman.
1999 - Pakistan test-fired a ballistic missile that was capable of carrying a nuclear warhead and reaching its rival neighbor India.
2000 - After five years of deadlock, Russia approved the START II treaty that calls for the scrapping of U.S. and Russian nuclear warheads. The Russian government warned it would abandon all arms-control pacts if Washington continued with an anti-missile system.
2002 - U.S. President George W. Bush sent a letter of congratulations to JCPenny's associates for being in business for 100 years. James Cash (J.C.) Penney had opened his first retail store on April 14, 1902. |
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| Quote: | 0069 - Otho committed suicide after being defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum.
0556 - Pelagius I began his reign as Catholic Pope.
1065 - The Norman Robert Guiscard took Bari. Five centuries of Byzantine rule in southern Italy ended.
1175 - Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, signed the Treaty of Montebello with the Lombard League.
1705 - Queen Anne of England knighted Isaac Newton.
1746 - Bonnie Prince Charles was defeated at the battle of Culloden, the last pitched battle fought in Britain.
1818 - The U.S. Senate ratified Rush-Bagot amendment to form an unarmed U.S.-Canada border.
1851 - A lighthouse was swept away in a gale at Minot’s Ledge, MA.
1854 - San Salvador was destroyed by an earthquake.
1862 - Confederate President Jefferson Davis approved conscription act for white males between 18 and 35.
1862 - In the U.S., slavery was abolished by law in the District of Columbia.
1883 - Paul Kruger became president of the South African Republic.
1900 - The first book of postage stamps was issued. The two-cent stamps were available in books of 12, 24 and 48 stamps.
1905 - Andrew Carnegie donated $10,000,000 of personal money to set up the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
1912 - Harriet Quimby became the first woman to fly across the English Channel.
1917 - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin returned to Russia to start Bolshevik Revolution after years of exile.
1922 - Annie Oakley shot 100 clay targets in a row, to set a women's record.
1922 - The Soviet Union and Germany signed the Treaty of Rapallo under which Germany recognized the Soviet Union and diplomatic and trade relations were restored.
1935 - "Fibber McGee and Molly" premiered.
1940 - The first no-hit, no-run game to be thrown on an opening day of the major league baseball season was earned by Bob Feller. The Cleveland Indians beat the Chicago White Sox 1-0.
1942 - The Island of Malta was awarded the George Cross in recognition for heroism under constant German air attack.
1944 - The destroyer USS Laffey survived immense damage from attacks by 22 Japanese aircraft off Okinawa.
1945 - American troops entered Nuremberg, Germany.
1947 - The Zoomar lens, invented by Dr. Frank Back, was demonstrated in New York City. It was the first lens to exhibit zooming effects.
1947 - In Texas City, TX, the French ship Grandcamp, carrying ammonium nitrate fertilizer, caught fire and blew up. The explosions and resulting fires killed 576 people.
1948 - In Paris, the Organization for European Economic Co-operation was set up.
1951 - 75 people were killed when the British submarine Affray sank in the English Channel.
1953 - The British royal yacht Britannia was launched.
1962 - Walter Cronkite began anchoring "The CBS Evening News".
1968 - The Pentagon announced that troops would begin coming home from Vietnam.
1968 - Major league baseball’s longest night game was played. The 24 innings took six hours, six minutes to play.
1972 - Apollo 16 blasted off on a voyage to the moon. It was the fifth manned moon landing.
1972 - Two giants pandas arrived in the U.S. from China.
1975 - The Khmer Rouge Rebels won control of Cambodia after a five years of civil war. They renamed the country Kampuchea and began a reign of terror.
1977 - The ban on women attending West Point was lifted.
1978 - In Orissa, India, 180 people died when a tornado hit.
1982 - Queen Elizabeth proclaimed Canada's new constitution in effect. The act severed the last colonial links with Britain.
1985 - Mickey Mantle was reinstated after being banned from baseball for several years.
1987 - The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) sternly warned U.S. radio stations to watch the use of indecent language on the airwaves.
1987 - The U.S. Patent Office began allowing the patenting of new animals created by genetic engineering.
1992 - Italian financier Carlo de Benedetti and 32 others were convicted of fraud in connection with the 1982 collapse of Banco Ambrosiano.
1992 - The House ethics committee listed 303 current and former lawmakers who had overdrawn their House bank accounts.
1995 - The European Union and Canada agreed to protect threatened fish stocks in the north Atlantic.
1996 - Britain's Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, the Duchess of York, announced that they were in the process of getting a divorce.
1996 - An Italian court found former Prime Minister Bettino Craxi guilty on charges of corruption. He was sentenced to eight years and three months in prison.
1999 - Wayne Gretzky announced his retirement from the National Hockey League (NHL).
2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court overturned major parts of a 1996 child pornography law based on rights to free speech. |
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| Quote: | 1492 - Christopher Columbus signed a contract with Spain to find a passage to Asia and the Indies.
1521 - Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church.
1524 - New York Harbor was discovered by Giovanni Verrazano.
1535 - Antonio Mendoza was appointed first viceroy of New Spain.
1629 - Horses were first imported into the colonies by the American Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1704 - John Campbell published what would eventually become the first successful American newspaper. It was known as the Boston "News-Letter."
1758 - Frances Williams published a collection of Latin poems. He was the first African-American to graduate from a college in the western hemisphere.
1808 - Bayonne Decree by Napoleon I of France ordered the seizure of U.S. ships.
1810 - Pineapple cheese was patented by Lewis M. Norton.
1824 - Russia abandoned all North American claims south of 54' 40'.
1860 - New Yorkers learned of a new law that required fire escapes to be provided for tenement houses.
1861 - Virginia became the eighth state to secede from the Union.
1864 - U.S. Civil War General Grant banned the trading of prisoners.
1865 - Mary Surratt was arrested as a conspirator in the Lincoln assassination.
1875 - The game "snooker" was invented by Sir Neville Chamberlain.
1895 - China and Japan signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki. It was the end of the first Sino-Japanese War. In the treaty China ceded Taiwan to Japan.
1916 - The American Academy of Arts and Letters obtained a charter from the U.S. Congress.
1917 - A bill in Congress to establish Daylight Saving Time was defeated. It was passed a couple of months later.
1935 - "Lights Out" debuted on NBC Radio. It ran until 1952.
1941 - Igor Sikorsky accomplished the first successful helicopter lift-off from water near Stratford, CT.
1941 - The office of Price Administration was established in the U.S. to handle rationing.
1946 - The last French troops left Syria.
1947 - Jackie Robinson (Brooklyn Dodgers) performed a bunt for his first major league hit.
1961 - About 1,400 U.S.-supported Cuban exiles invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. It was an unsuccessful attack.
1964 - Jerrie Mock became first woman to fly an airplane solo around the world.
1964 - The Ford Motor Company unveiled its new Mustang model.
1967 - "The Joey Bishop Show" debuted on ABC-TV.
1967 - The U.S. Supreme Court barred Muhammad Ali's request to be blocked from induction into the U.S. Army.
1969 - In Los Angeles, Sirhan Sirhan was convicted of assassinating U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
1969 - Czechoslovak Communist Party chairman Alexander Dubcek was deposed.
1970 - Apollo 13 returned to Earth safely after an on-board accident with an oxygen tank.
1975 - Khmer Rouge forces capture the capital of Cambodia, Phnom Penh. It was the end of the five-year war.
1983 - In Warsaw, police routed 1,000 Solidarity supporters.
1984 - In London, gunmen from the Libyan Embassy fired into an anti-Libya protest. One policewoman was killed and 10 others were wounded.
1985 - The U.S. Postal Service unveiled its new 22-cent, "LOVE" stamp.
1985 - In Lebanon, the cabinet resigned as Shiites took W. Beirut.
1987 - In Sri Lanka, Tamil guerrillas killed 122 people in a road ambush.
1989 - In Poland, courts gave Solidarity legal status.
1993 - A federal jury in Los Angeles convicted two former police officers of violating the civil rights of beaten motorist Rodney King. Two other officers were acquitted.
1996 - Erik and Lyle Menendez were sentenced to life in prison without parole for killing their parents.
1999 - In India, the government of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee collapsed after losing a vote of confidence.
2002 - At the National Maritime Museum in London, the exhibit "Skin Deep - A History of Tattooing" opened. |
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| Quote: | 1012 - Aelfheah was murdered by Danes who had been ravaging the south of England. Aelfhear became the 29th Archbishop of Canterbury in 1005.
1539 - Emperor Charles V reached a truce with German Protestants at Frankfurt, Germany.
1587 - English admiral Sir Francis Drake entered Cadiz harbor and sank the Spanish fleet.
1689 - Residents of Boston ousted their governor, Edmond Andros.
1713 - Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which gave women the rights of succession to Hapsburg possessions.
1764 - The English Parliament banned the American colonies from printing paper money.
1770 - Captain James Cook discovered New South Wales, Australia. Cook originally named the land Point Hicks.
1775 - The American Revolution began as fighting broke out at Lexington, MA.
1782 - The Netherlands recognized the new United States.
1794 - Tadeusz Kosciuszko forced the Russians out of Warsaw.
1802 - The Spanish reopened the New Orleans port to American merchants.
1839 - The Kingdom of Belgium was recognized by all the states of Europe when the Treaty of London was signed.
1852 - The California Historical Society was founded.
1861 - Thaddeus S. C. Lowe sailed 900 miles in nine hours in a hot air balloon.
1861 - The Baltimore riots resulted in four Union soldiers and nine civilians killed.
1861 - U.S. President Lincoln ordered a blockade of Confederate ports.
1892 - The Duryea gasoline buggy was introduced in the U.S. by Charles and Frank Duryea.
1897 - The first annual Boston Marathon was held. It was the first of its type in the U.S.
1927 - In China, Hankow communists declared war on Chaing Kai-shek.
1933 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued a proclamation that removed the U.S. went off of the gold standard.
1938 - General Francisco Franco declared victory in the Spanish Civil War.
1939 - Connecticut approved the Bill of Rights for the U.S. Constitution after 148 years.
1943 - The Warsaw Ghetto uprising against Nazi rule began. The Jews were able to fight off the Germans for 28 days.
1951 - General Douglas MacArthur gave his "Old Soldiers" speech before the U.S. Congress. In the address General MacArthur said that "Old soldiers never die, they just fade away."
1951 - Shigeki Tanaka won the Boston Marathon. Tanaka had survived the atomic blast at Hiroshima, Japan during World War II.
1956 - Actress Grace Kelly became Princess Grace of Monaco when she married Prince Rainier III of Monaco. The civil ceremony took place on April 18.
1958 - The San Francisco Giants and the Los Angeles Dodgers played the first major league baseball game on the West Coast.
1960 - Baseball uniforms began displaying player's names on their backs.
1967 - Surveyor 3 landed on the moon and began sending photos back to the U.S.
1971 - Russia launched the Salyut into orbit around Earth. It was the first space station.
1975 - India launched its first satellite with aid from the USSR.
1977 - Alex Haley received a special Pulitzer Prize for his book "Roots."
1982 - NASA named Sally Ride to be first woman astronaut.
1987 - In Phoenix, AZ, skydiver Gregory Robertson went into a 200-mph free-fall to save an unconscious colleague 3,500 feet from the ground.
1987 - The last California condor known to be in the wild was captured and placed in a breeding program at the San Diego Wild Animal Park.
1989 - A gun turret exploded aboard the USS Iowa. 47 sailors were killed.
1989 - A giant asteroid passed within 500,000 miles of Earth.
1989 - In El Salvador, Attorney General Alvadora was killed by a car bomb.
1993 - The Branch-Davidian’s compound in Waco, TX, burned to the ground. It was the end of a 51-day standoff between the cult and U.S. federal agents. 86 people were killed including 17 children. Nine of the Branch Davidians escaped the fire.
1994 - A Los Angeles jury awarded $3.8 million to Rodney King for violation of his civil rights.
1995 - The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK, was destroyed by a bomb. It was the worst bombing on U.S. territory. 168 people were killed including 19 children, and 500 were injured. Timothy McVeigh was found guilty of the bombing on June 2, 1997.
1998 - Wang Dan, a leader of 1989 Tienanmen Square pro democracy protests, was freed by the Chinese government.
2000 - The Oklahoma City National Memorial was dedicated on the fifth anniversary of the bombing in Oklahoma that killed 168 people.
2000 - Letters written by Greta Garbo were put on exhibit. The letters were made public ten years after Garbo's death.
2000 - In the Philippines, Air Philippines GAP 541 crashed while preparing to land. 131 people were killed.
2002 - The USS Cole was relaunched. In Yemen, 17 sailors were killed when the ship was attacked by terrorists on October 12, 2000. The attack was blamed on Osama bin Laden's al-Qaida network. |
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| Quote: | 1139 - The Second Lateran Council opened in Rome.
1534 - Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, set sail from St. Malo to explore the North American coastline.
1653 - In England, Oliver Cromwell expelled the Long Parliament for trying to pass the Perpetuation Bill that would have kept Parliament in the hands of only a few members.
1657 - English Admiral Robert Blake fought his last battle when he destroyed the Spanish fleet in Santa Cruz Bay.
1689 - The siege of Londonderry began. Supporters of James II attacked the city.
1769 - Ottawa Chief Pontiac was murdered by an Illinois Indian in Cahokia.
1775 - The British began the siege of Boston.
1792 - France declared war on Austria, Prussia, and Sardinia. It was the start of the French Revolutionary wars.
1809 - Napoleon defeated Austria at Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria.
1832 - Hot Springs National Park was established by an act of the U.S. Congress. It was the first national park in the U.S.
1836 - The U.S. territory of Wisconsin was created by the U.S. Congress.
1841 - In Philadelphia, PA, Edgar Allen Poe's first detective story, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," was published in Graham's Magazine.
1861 - Robert E. Lee resigned from U.S. Army.
1865 - Safety matches were first advertised.
1879 - First mobile home (horse drawn) was used in a journey from London to Cyprus.
1902 - Scientists Marie and Pierre Curie isolated the radioactive element radium.
1912 - Fenway Park opened as the home of the Boston Red Sox.
1916 - Sir Roger Casement landed in Ireland to incite rebellion against the British. Casement, a British diplomat, was captured within hours and was hanged for high treason on August 3.
1916 - Wrigley Field opened in Chicago, IL.
1919 - The Polish Army captured Vilno, Lithuania from the Soviets.
1934 - The movie "Stand Up And Cheer" opened. It was Shirley Temple's debut.
1940 - The First electron microscope was demonstrated by RCA.
1942 - Pierre Laval, the premier of Vichy France, in a radio broadcast, establishes a policy of "true reconciliation with Germany."
1945 - Soviet troops began their attack on Berlin.
1945 - During World War II, Allied forces took control of the German cities of Nuremberg and Stuttgart.
1951 - General MacArthur addressed the joint session of Congress after being relieved by U.S. President Truman.
1953 - Operation Little Switch began in Korea. It was the exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war. Thirty Americans were freed.
1953 - The Boston marathon was won by Keizo Yamada with a record time of 2:18:51.
1959 - "Desilu Playhouse" on CBS-TV presented a two-part show titled "The Untouchables."
1961 - FM stereo broadcasting was approved by the FCC.
1962 - The New Orleans Citizens' Council offered a free one-way ride for blacks to move to northern states.
1967 - U.S. planes bombed Haiphong for first time during the Vietnam War.
1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the use of busing to achieve racial desegregation in schools.
1972 - The manned lunar module from Apollo 16 landed on the moon.
1977 - Woody Allen's film "Annie Hall" premiered.
1978 - The Korean Airliner 007 was shot down while in Russian airspace.
1984 - In Washington, terrorists bombed an officers club at a Navy yard.
1984 - Britain announced that its administration of Hong Kong would cease in 1997.
1985 - In Madrid, Santiago Carillo was purged from the Communist Party. Carillo was a founder of Eurocommunism.
1987 - In Argentina, President Raul Alfonsin quelled a military revolt.
1988 - The U.S. Air Forces' Stealth (B-2 bomber) was officially unveiled.
1989 - Scientist announced the successful testing of high-definition TV.
1991 - Mikhail Gorbachev became the first Soviet head of state to visit South Korea.
1992 - The worlds largest fair, Expo '92, opened in Seville, Spain.
1998 - Kenyan runner Moses Tanui, 32, won the Boston Marathon for the second time. He also registered the third fast time with 2 hours 7 minutes and 34 seconds.
1999 - 13 people were killed at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO, when two teenagers opened fire on them with shotguns and pipebombs. The two gunmen then killed themselves.
1999 - Jane Seymour received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. |
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| Quote: | 753 BC - Today is the traditional date of the foundation of Rome.
43 BC - Marcus Antonius was defeated by Octavian near Modena, Italy.
1526 - Mongol Emperor Babur annihilated the Indian Army of Ibrahim Lodi.
1649 - The Maryland Toleration Act was passed, allowing all freedom of worship.
1689 - William III and Mary II were crowned joint king and queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.
1789 - John Adams was sworn in as the first U.S. Vice President.
1836 - General Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. This battle decided the independence of Texas.
1856 - The Mississippi River was crossed by a rail train for the first time (between Davenport, IA, and Rock Island, IL).
1862 - The U.S. Congress established the U.S. Mint in Denver, CO.
1865 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln's funeral train left Washington.
1892 - The first Buffalo was born in Golden Gate Park.
1898 - The Spanish-American War began.
1914 - U.S. Marines occupied Vera Cruz, Mexico.
1916 - Bill Carlisle, the infamous ‘last train robber,’ robbed a train in Hanna, WY.
1918 - German fighter ace Baron von Richthofen, "The Red Baron," was shot down and killed during World War I.
1940 - "Take It or Leave It" premiered on CBS Radio.
1943 - U.S. President Roosevelt announced that several Doolittle pilots had been executed by the Japanese.
1953 - In New York, the Sidney Janis Gallery held the Dada exhibition.
1956 - Leonard Ross, age 10, became the youngest prizewinner on the "The Big Surprise". He won $100,000.
1959 - The largest fish ever hooked by a rod and reel was caught by Alf Dean. It was a 16-foot, 10-inch white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds.
1960 - Brasilia became the capital of Brazil.
1961 - The French army revolted in Algeria.
1967 - Svetlana Alliluyeva (Svetlana Stalina) defected in New York City. She was the daughter of Joseph Stalin.
1967 - In Athens, Army colonels took over the government and installed Constantine Kollias as premier.
1972 - Apollo 16 astronauts John Young and Charles Duke explored the surface of the moon.
1975 - South Vietnam president, Nguyen Van Thieu, resigned, condemning the United States.
1977 - "Annie" opened on Broadway.
1984 - In France, it was announced that doctors had found virus believed to cause AIDS.
1985 - Manuel Ortega proposed a cease-fire for Nicaragua.
1986 - Geraldo Rivera opened a vault that belonged to Al Capone at the Lexington Hotel in Chicago. Nothing of interest was found inside.
1987 - Special occasion stamps were offered for the first time by the U.S. Postal Service. "Happy Birthday" and "Get Well" were among the first to be offered.
1992 - Robert Alton Harris became the first person executed by the state of California in 25 years. He was put to death for the 1978 murder of two teen-age boys.
1994 - Jackie Parker became the first woman to qualify to fly an F-16 combat plane.
1998 - Astronomers announced in Washington that they had discovered possible signs of a new family of planets orbiting a star 220 light-years away.
2000 - In Sinking Spring, PA, a man chased his estranged girlfriend through town and then forced her car into the path of an oncoming train. The woman and her 3 passengers were killed.
2000 - North Carolina researchers announced that the heart of a 66 million-year-old dinosaur was more like a mammal or bird than that of a reptile.
2000 - The 1998 Children's Online Privacy Protection Act went into effect.
2002 - In the city of General Santos, 14 people were killed and 69 were injured in a bomb attack on a department store. The attack was blamed on Muslim extremists.
2003 - North and South Korea agreed to hold Cabinet-level talks the following week. |
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| Quote: | 0303 - Perseus was arrested, tortured, and put to death.
1348 - The first English order of knighthood was founded. It was the Order of the Garter.
1500 - Pedro Cabal claimed Brazil for Portugal.
1521 - The Comuneros were crushed by royalist troops in Spain.
1759 - The British seized Basse-Terre and Guadeloupe in the Antilies from France.
1789 - U.S. President George Washington moved into Franklin House, New York. It was the first executive mansion.
1789 - "Courier De Boston" was published for the first time. It was the first Roman Catholic magazine in the U.S.
1826 - Missolonghi fell to Egyptian forces.
1861 - Arkansas troops seized Fort Smith.
1872 - Charlotte E. Ray became the first black woman lawyer.
1895 - Russia, France, and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaodong peninsula to China.
1896 - The Vitascope system for projecting movies onto a screen was demonstrated in New York City.
1900 - The word "hillbilly" was first used in print in an article in the "New York Journal." It was spelled "Hill-Billie".
1908 - U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt signed an act creating the U.S. Army Reserve.
1915 - The A.C.A. became the National Advisory Council on Aeronautics (NACA).
1920 - The Turkish Grand National Assembly had its first meeting in Ankara.
1921 - Charles Paddock set a record time in the 300-meter track event when he posted a time of 33.2 seconds.
1924 - The U.S. Senate passed the Soldiers Bonus Bill.
1940 - About 200 people died in a dance-hall fire in Natchez, MS.
1945 - The Soviet Army fought its way into Berlin.
1948 - Johnny Longden became the first race jockey to ride 3,000 career winners.
1950 - Chaing evacuated Hainan, leaving mainland China to Mao and the communists.
1951 - The Associated Press began use of the new service of teletype setting.
1954 - Hank Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves hit his first major-league home run on this day.
1964 - Ken Johnson of the Houston Astros threw the first no-hitter for a loss. The game was lost 1-0 to the Cincinnati Reds due to two errors.
1967 - The Soyuz 1 was launched by Russia.
1968 - The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church merged to form the United Methodist Church.
1969 - Sirhan Sirhan was sentenced to death for killing U.S. Senator Robert Kennedy. The sentence was later reduced to life in prison.
1971 - The Soyuz 10 was launched.
1985 - The Coca-Cola Company announced that it was changing its 99-year-old secret formula. New Coke was not successful, which resulted in the resumption of selling the original version.
1985 - The U.S. House rejected $14 million in aid to Nicaragua.
1987 - An apartment complex being built in Bridgeport, Connecticut collapsed. 28 construction workers were killed.
1988 - A U.S. federal law took effect that banned smoking on flights that were under two hours.
1988 - Kanellos Kanelopoulos set three world records for human-powered flight when he stayed in the air for 74 miles and four hours in his pedal-powered "Daedalus".
1989 - It was reported that 277 had been killed in the most recent rebel attack in Afghanistan.
1989 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played his last regular season game in the NBA.
1996 - A New York civil-court jury ordered Bernhard Goetz to pay $43 million to Darrell Cabey. Cabey was paralyzed when he was shot in subway car in 1984.
1996 - An auction of the late Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' possessions began at Sotheby's in New York City.
1997 - An infertility doctor in California announced that a 63-year-old woman had given birth in late 1996. The child was from a donor egg. The woman is the oldest known woman to give birth.
1998 - James Earl Ray died, at age 70, while serving a life sentence for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Ray had confessed to the crime and then later insisted he had been framed.
1999 - In Washington, DC, the heads of state and government of the 19 NATO nations celebrated the organization's 50th anniversary.
2003 - U.S. President Bush signed legislation that authorized the design change of the 5-cent coin (nickel) for release in 2004. It was the first change to the coin in 65 years. The change, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase, was planned to run for only two years before returning to the previous design. |
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| Quote: | 1590 - The Sultan of Morocco launched his successful attack to capture Timbuktu.
1644 - The Ming Chongzhen emperor committed suicide by hanging himself.
1684 - A patent was granted for the thimble.
1707 - At the Battle of Almansa, Franco-Spanish forces defeated the Anglo-Portugese.
1792 - The guillotine was first used to execute highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier.
1831 - The New York and Harlem Railway was incorporated in New York City.
1846 - The Mexican-American War ignited as a result of disputes over claims to Texas boundaries. The outcome of the war fixed Texas' southern boundary at the Rio Grande River.
1859 - Work began on the Suez Canal in Egypt.
1860 - The first Japanese diplomats to visit a foreign power reached Washington, DC. They remained in the U.S. capital for several weeks while discussing expansion of trade with the United States.
1862 - Union Admiral Farragut occupied New Orleans, LA.
1864 - After facing defeat in the Red River Campaign, Union General Nathaniel Bank returned to Alexandria, LA.
1867 - Tokyo was opened for foreign trade.
1882 - French commander Henri Riviere seized the citadel of Hanoi in Indochina.
1898 - The U.S. declared war on Spain. Spain had declared war on the U.S. the day before.
1901 - New York became the first state to require license plates for cars. The fee was $1.
1915 - During World War I, Australian and New Zealand troops landed at Gallipoli in Turkey in hopes of attacking the Central Powers from below. The attack was unsuccessful.
1925 - General Paul von Hindenburg took office as president of Germany.
1926 - In Iran, Reza Kahn was crowned Shah and choose the name "Pehlevi."
1928 - A seeing eye dog was used for the first time.
1938 - "Your Family and Mine," a radio serial, was first broadcast.
1940 - W2XBS (now WCBS-TV) in New York City presented the first circus on TV.
1945 - U.S. and Soviet forces met at Torgau, Germany on Elbe River.
1945 - Delegates from about 50 countries met in San Francisco to organize the United Nations.
1952 - After a three-day fight against Chinese Communist Forces, the Gloucestershire Regiment was annihilated on "Gloucester Hill," in Korea.
1953 - U.S. Senator Wayne Morse ended the longest speech in U.S. Senate history. The speech on the Offshore Oil Bill lasted 22 hours and 26 minutes.
1953 - Dr. James D. Watson and Dr. Francis H.C. Crick suggested the double helix structure of DNA.
1954 - The prototype manufacture of the first solar battery was announced by the Bell Laboratories in New York City.
1957 - Operations began at the first experimental sodium nuclear reactor.
1959 - St. Lawrence Seaway opened to shipping. The water way connects the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.
1961 - Robert Noyce was granted a patent for the integrated circuit.
1962 - The U.S. spacecraft, Ranger, crashed on the Moon.
1967 - Colorado Governor John Love signed the first law legalizing abortion in the U.S. The law was limited to therapeutic abortions when agreed to, unanimously, by a panel of three physicians.
1971 - The country of Bangladesh was established.
1974 - Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar was overthrown in a military coup.
1980 - In Iran, a commando mission to rescue hostages was aborted after mechanical problems disabled three of the eight helicopters involved. During the evacuation, a helicopter and a transport plan collided and exploded. Eight U.S. servicemen were killed. The mission was aimed at freeing American hostages that had been taken at the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979. The event took place April 24th Washington, DC, time.
1982 - In accordance with Camp David agreements, Israel completed its Sinai withdrawal.
1983 - Soviet leader Yuri V. Andropov invited Samantha Smith to visit his country after receiving a letter in which the U.S. schoolgirl expressed fears about nuclear war.
1983 - The Pioneer 10 spacecraft crossed Pluto's orbit, speeding on its endless voyage through the Milky Way.
1984 - In France, over one million people demonstrated to show they favored the decentralization of education.
1984 - David Anthony Kennedy, the son of Robert F. Kennedy, was found dead of a drug overdose in a hotel room.
1985 - "Big River (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)" opened at the Eugene O’Neill Theatre on Broadway in New York City.
1987 - In Washington, DC, 100,000 people protested the U.S. policy in Central America.
1987 - Peter O'Toole opened in "Pygmalion" on Broadway.
1988 - In Israel, John "Ivan the Terrible" Demjanuk was sentenced to death as a Nazi war criminal.
1990 - Sandinista rule ended in Nicaragua.
1990 - The U.S. Hubble Space Telescope was placed into Earth's orbit. It was released by the space shuttle Discovery.
1992 - Islamic forces in Afghanistan took control of most of the capital of Kabul following the collapse of the Communist government.
1996 - The main assembly of the Palestine Liberation Organization voted to revoke clauses in its charter that called for an armed struggle to destroy Israel.
1998 - U.S. first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton on was questioned by Whitewater prosecutors on videotape about her work as a private lawyer for the failed savings and loan at the center of the investigation.
2003 - Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, the anti-apartheid leader and ex-wife of former President Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to four years in prison for her conviction on fraud and theft charges. She was convicted of 43 counts of fraud and 25 of theft of money from a women's political league. |
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| Quote: | 1478 - Pazzi conspirators attacked Lorenzo and kill Giuliano de'Medici.
1514 - Copernicus made his first observations of Saturn.
1607 - The British established an American colony at Cape Henry, Virginia. It was the first permanent English establishment in the Western Hemisphere.
1819 - The first Odd Fellows lodge in the U.S. was established in Baltimore, MD.
1865 - Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Army of Tennessee to Sherman during the American Civil War.
1865 - John Wilkes Booth was killed by the U.S. Federal Cavalry.
1906 - In Hawaii, motion pictures were shown for the first time.
1921 - Weather broadcasts were heard for the first time on radio in St. Louis, MO.
1929 - First non-stop flight from England to India was completed.
1931 - New York Yankee Lou Gehrig hit a home run but was called out for passing a runner.
1931 - NBC premiered "Lum and Abner." It was on the air for 24 years.
1937 - German planes attacked Guernica, Spain, during the Spanish Civil War.
1937 - "LIFE" magazine was printed without the word "LIFE" on the cover.
1937 - "Lorenzo Jones" premiered on NBC radio.
1941 - An organ was played at a baseball stadium for the first time in Chicago, IL.
1945 - Marshal Henri Philippe Petain, the head of France's Vichy government during World War II, was arrested.
1952 - Patty Berg set a new record for major women’s golf competition when she shot a 64 over 18 holes in a tournament in Richmond, CA.
1954 - Grace Kelly was on the cover of "LIFE" magazine.
1964 - The African nations of Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form Tanzania.
1964 - The Boston Celtics won their sixth consecutive NBA title. They won two more before the streak came to an end.
1968 - Students seized the administration building at Ohio State University.
1982 - Argentina surrendered to Britain over Falkland Island crisis.
1983 - Dow Jones Industrial Average broke 1,200 for first time.
1985 - In Argentina, a fire at a mental hospital killed 79 people and injured 247.
1986 - The world’s worst nuclear disaster to date occurred at Chernobyl, in the Ukraine. 31 died in the incident and thousands more were exposed to radioactive material.
1998 - Auxiliary Bishop Juan Gerardi Conedera was bludgeoned to death two days after a report he'd compiled on atrocities during Guatemala's 36-year civil war was made public.
2000 - Charles Wang and Sanjay Kumar purchased the NHL's New York Islanders.
2002 - In Erfurt, Germany, an expelled student killed 17 people at his former school. The student then killed himself. |
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| Quote: | 0357 - Constantius II visited Rome for the first time.
1282 - Villagers in Palermo led a revolt against French rule in Sicily.
1635 - Virginia Governor John Harvey was accused of treason and removed from office.
1686 - The first volume of Isaac Newton's "Principia Mathamatic" was published.
1788 - Maryland became the seventh state to ratify the U.S. constitution.
1789 - A mutiny on the British ship Bounty took place when a rebel crew took the ship and set sail to Pitcairn Island. The mutineers left Captain W. Bligh and 18 sailors adrift.
1818 - U.S. President James Monroe proclaimed naval disarmament on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.
1896 - The Addressograph was patented by J.S. Duncan.
1902 - A revolution broke out in the Dominican Republic.
1910 - First night air flight was performed by Claude Grahame-White in England.
1914 - W.H. Carrier patented the design of his air conditioner.
1916 - The British declared martial law throughout Ireland.
1919 - The League of Nations was founded.
1920 - Azerbaijan joined the USSR.
1930 - The first organized night baseball game was played in Independence, Kansas.
1932 - The yellow fever vaccine for humans was announced.
1937 - The first animated-cartoon electric sign was displayed on a building on Broadway in New York City. It was created by Douglas Leight.
1945 - Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were executed by Italian partisans as they attempted to flee the country.
1946 - The Allies indicted Tojo with 55 counts of war crimes.
1947 - Norwegian anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl and five others set out in a balsa wood craft known as Kon Tiki to prove that Peruvian Indians could have settled in Polynesia. The trip began in Peru and took 101 days to complete the crossing of the Pacific Ocean.
1952 - The U.S. occupation of Japan officially ended when a treaty with the U.S. and 47 other countries went into effect.
1953 - French troops evacuated northern Laos.
1957 - Mike Wallace was seen on TV for the first time. He was the host of "Mike Wallace Interviews."
1959 - Arthur Godfrey was seen for the last time in the final broadcast of "Arthur Godfrey and His Friends" on CBS-TV.
1965 - The U.S. Army and Marines invaded the Dominican Republic to evacuate Americans.
1967 - Muhammad Ali refused induction into the U.S. Army and was stripped of boxing title. He sited religious grounds for his refusal.
1969 - Charles de Gaulle resigned as president of France.
1969 - In Santa Rosa, CA, Charles M. Schulz's Redwood Empire Ice Arena opened.
1974 - The last Americans were evacuated from Saigon.
1977 - Christopher Boyce was convicted of selling U.S. secrets.
1985 - The largest sand castle in the world was completed near St. Petersburg, FL. It was four stories tall.
1988 - In Maui, HI, one flight attendant was killed when the fuselage of a Boeing 737 ripped open in mid-flight.
1989 - Mobil announced that they were divesting from South Africa because congressional restrictions were too costly.
1992 - The U.S. Agriculture Department unveiled a pyramid-shaped recommended-diet chart.
1994 - Former CIA official Aldrich Ames, who had given U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and then Russia, plead guilty to espionage and tax evasion. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole.
1996 - U.S. President Clinton gave a 4 1/2 hour videotaped testimony as a defense witness in the criminal trial of his former Whitewater business partners.
1997 - A worldwide treaty to ban chemical weapons took effect. Russia and other countries such as Iraq and North Korea did not sign.
1999 - The U.S. House of Representatives rejected (on a tie vote of 213-213) a measure expressing supprot for NATO's five-week-old air campaign in Yugoslavia. The House also voted to limit the president's authority to use ground forces in Yugoslavia.
2000 - Jay Leno received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2001 - A Russian rocket launched from Central Asia with the first space tourist aboard. The crew consisted of California businessman Dennis Tito and two cosmonauts. The destination was the international space station. |
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| Quote: | 1289 - Qala'un, the Sultan of Egypt, captured Tripoli.
1429 - Joan of Arc lead Orleans, France, to victory over Britain.
1661 - The Chinese Ming dynasty occupied Taiwan.
1672 - King Louis XIV of France invaded the Netherlands.
1813 - Rubber was patented by J.F. Hummel.
1852 - The first edition of Peter Roget's Thesaurus was published.
1856 - A peace treaty was signed between England and Russia.
1858 - Austrian troops invaded Piedmont.
1861 - The Maryland House of Delegates voted against seceding from Union.
1862 - New Orleans fell to Union forces during the Civil War.
1864 - Theta Xi was founded in Troy, New York.
1879 - In Cleveland, OH, electric arc lights were used for the first time.
1913 - Gideon Sundback patented an all-purpose zipper.
1916 - Irish nationalists surrendered to British authorities in Dublin.
1918 - Germany's Western Front offensive ended in World War I.
1924 - An open revolt broke out in Santa Clara, Cuba.
1927 - Construction of the Spirit of St. Louis was completed for Lindbergh.
1941 - The Boston Bees agreed to change their name to the Braves.
1945 - The German Army in Italy surrendered unconditionally to the Allies.
1945 - In a bunker in Berlin, Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun were married. Hitler designated Admiral Karl Doenitz his successor.
1945 - The Nazi death camp, Dachau, was liberated.
1946 - Twenty-eight former Japanese leaders were indicted in Tokyo as war criminals.
1952 - IBM President Thomas J. Watson, Jr., informed his company's stockholders that IBM was building "the most advanced, most flexible high-speed computer in the world." The computer was unveiled April 7, 1953, as the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine.
1954 - Ernest Borgnine made his network television debut in "Night Visitor" on NBC-TV.
1961 - ABC’s "Wide World of Sports" premiered.
1974 - Phil Donahue’s TV show, "Donahue" moved to Chicago, IL.
1974 - U.S. President Nixon announced he was releasing edited transcripts of secretly made White House tape recordings related to the Watergate scandal.
1975 - The U.S. embassy in Vietnam was evacuated as North Vietnamese forces fought their way into Saigon.
1981 - Steve Carlton, of the Philadelphia Phillies, became the first left-handed pitcher in the major leagues to get 3,000 career strikeouts.
1984 - In California, the Diablo Canyon nuclear reactor went online after a long delay due to protests.
1985 - Billy Martin was brought back, for the fourth time, to the position of manager for the New York Yankees.
1986 - Roger Clemens of the Boston Red Sox set a major-league baseball record by striking out 20 Seattle Mariner batters.
1988 - The Baltimore Orioles set a new major league baseball record by losing their first 21 games of the season.
1988 - Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev promised more religious freedom.
1990 - The destruction of the Berlin Wall began.
1992 - Exxon executive Sidney Reso was kidnapped outside his Morris Township, NJ, home by Arthur Seale. Seale was a former Exxon security official. Reso died while in captivity.
1992 - Rioting began after a jury decision to acquit four Los Angeles policemen in the Rodney King beating trial. 54 people were killed in 3 days.
1994 - Israel and the PLO signed an agreement in Paris which granted Palestinians broad authority to set taxes, control trade and regulate banks under self-rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho.
1996 - Former CIA Director William Colby was missing and presumed drowned after an apparent boating accident in Maryland. Colby's body was later recovered.
1997 - Staff Sgt. Delmar Simpson, a drill instructor at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, was convicted of raping six female trainees. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison and was dishonorably discharged.
1997 - Astronaut Jerry Linenger and cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliyev went on the first U.S.-Russian space walk.
1998 - The U.S., Canada and Mexico end tariffs on $1 billion in NAFTA trade.
1998 - Brazil announced a plan to protect a large are of Amazon forest. The area was about the size of Colorado.
2002 - Kelsey Grammer and his production company, Grammnet Inc., were ordered to pay more than $2 million in unpaid commissions to his former talent agency.
2003 - Mr. T (Laurence Tureaud) filed a lawsuit against Best Buy Co. Inc., that claimed the store did not have permission to use his likeness in a print ad. |
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| Quote: | 0558 - The dome of the church of St. Sophia in Constantinople collapsed. It was immediately rebuilt as ordered by Justinian.
1274 - The Second Council of Lyons opened in France to regulate the election of the pope.
1429 - The English siege of Orleans was broken by Joan of Arc.
1525 - The German peasants' revolt was crushed by the ruling class and church.
1663 - The first Theatre Royal was opened in London.
1763 - Indian chief Pontiac began all out war on the British in New York.
1789 - The first U.S. Presidential Inaugural Ball was held in New York City.
1800 - The U.S. Congress divided the Northwest Territory into two parts. The western part became the Indiana Territory and the eastern section remained the Northwest Territory.
1847 - The AMA (American Medical Association) was founded in Philadelphia.
1898 - The first Intercollegiate Trapshooting Association meet was held in New Haven, CT.
1912 - Columbia University approved final plans for awarding the Pulitzer Prize in several categories.
1912 - The first airplane equipped with a machine gun flew over College Park, MD.
1915 - The Lusitania, a civilian ship, was sunk by a German submarine. 1,198 people were killed.
1926 - A U.S. report showed that one-third of the nation's exports were motors.
1937 - The German Condor Legion arrived in Spain to assist Franco’s forces.
1939 - Germany and Italy announced a military and political alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.
1940 - Winston Churchill became British Prime Minister.
1942 - In the Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese and American navies attacked each other with carrier planes. It was the first time in the history of naval warfare where two enemy fleets fought without seeing each other.
1943 - The last major German strongholds in North Africa, Tunis and Bizerte, fell to Allied forces.
1945 - Baseball owner Branch Rickey announced the organization of the United States Negro Baseball League. There were 6 teams.
1945 - Germany signed unconditional surrender ending World War II. It would take effect the next day.
1946 - Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp. was founded. The company was later renamed Sony.
1951 - Russia was admitted to participate in the 1952 Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee.
1954 - French Colonial Forces surrendered to the Vietminh at Dien Bien Phu after 55 days of fighting.
1954 - The United States and the United Kingdom rejected the Soviet Union's bid to join NATO.
1958 - Howard Johnson set an aircraft altitude record in F-104.
1960 - Leonid Brezhnev became president of the Soviet Union.
1975 - U.S. President Ford declared an end to the Vietnam War.
1977 - Rookie Janet Guthrie set the fastest time on opening day of practice for the Indianapolis 500. Her time was 185.607.
1984 - A $180 million out-of-court settlement was announced in the Agent Orange class-action suit brought by Vietnam veterans who claimed they had suffered injury from exposure to the defoliant while serving in the armed forces.
1987 - Shelly Long, as Diane Chambers, made her last appearance as a regular on the TV show "Cheers."
1992 - A 203-year-old proposed constitutional amendment barring the U.S. Congress from giving itself a midterm pay raise was ratified as the 27th Amendment.
1994 - The Edvard Munch painting "The Scream" was recovered after being stolen 3 months earlier from an Oslo Museum. This version of "The Scream", one of four different versions, was painted on paper.
1996 - The trial of Serbian police officer Dusan Tadic opened in the Netherlands. He was later convicted on murder-torture charges and was sentenced to 20 years in prison.
1997 - A report released by the U.S. government said that Switzerland provided Nazi Germany with equipment and credit during World War II. Germany exchanged for gold what had been plundered or stolen. Switzerland did not comply with postwar agreements to return the gold.
1998 - Daimler-Benz bought Chrysler Corp. for close to $40 billion. It was the largest industrial merger on record.
1998 - Residents of London voted to elect their own mayor for the first time in history. The vote would take place in May 2000.
1998 - Leeza Gibbons received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1999 - A jury ruled that "The Jenny Jones Show" and Warner Bros. were liable in the shooting death of Scott Amedure. He was killed by another guest on the show. The jury's award was $25 million.
1999 - Jerry Moss received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1999 - In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, three Chinese citizens were killed and 20 were wounded when a NATO plane mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy.
1999 - In Guinea-Bissau, the government of President João Bernardo Vieira was ousted in a military coup.
2000 - Russian President Vladimir V. Putin named First Deputy Premier Mikhail Kasyanov as premier.
2003 - In Washington, DC, General Motors Corp. delivered six fuel cell vehicles to Capitol Hill for lawmakers and others to test drive during the next two years.
2003 - Roger Moore collapsed during a matinee performance of the Broadway comedy "The Play What I Wrote." He finished the show after a 10-minute break. He was fitted with a pacemaker the following day. |
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| Quote: | 1190 - Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army of the Third Crusade to free Jerusalem.
1776 - The Continental Congress appointed a committee to write a Declaration of Independence.
1793 - The Jardin des Plantes zoo opened in Paris. It was the first public zoo.
1801 - The North African State of Tripoli declared war on the U.S. The dispute was over merchant vessels being able to travel safely through the Mediterranean.
1806 - New York's "Commercial Advertiser" became the first U.S. newspapter to cover the sport of harness racing.
1854 - The U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD, held its first graduation.
1889 - Hattie McDaniel was born. She, for her role in "Gone With the Wind," was the first African-American to win an Academy Award.
1898 - U.S. Marines landed in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1902 - The "outlook" or "see-through" envelope was patented by Americus F. Callahan.
1909 - The SOS distress signal was used for the first time. The Cunard liner SS Slavonia used the signal when it wrecked off the Azores.
1916 - Mecca, under control of the Turks, fell to the Arabs during the Great Arab Revolt.
1920 - The Republican convention in Chicago endorsed woman suffrage.
1924 - The Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti was kidnapped and murdered by Fascists in Rome.
1924 - The Republican National Convention was broadcast by NBC radio. It was the first political convention to be on radio.
1925 - The state of Tennessee adopted a new biology text book that denied the theory of evolution.
1935 - Alcoholic Anonymous was founded by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.
1940 - Italy declared war on France and Britain. In addition, Canada declared war on Italy.
1942 - The Gestapo massacred 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia, in retaliation for the killing of a Nazi official.
1943 - Laszlo Biro patented his ballpoint pen. Biro was a Hungarian journalist.
1943 - The Allies began bombing Germany around the clock.
1944 - The youngest pitcher in major league baseball pitched his first game. Joe Nuxhall was 15 years old (and 10 months and 11 days).
1946 - Italy established a republic replacing its monarchy.
1948 - Chuck Yeager exceeded the speed of sound in the Bell XS-1.
1954 - General Motors announced the gas turbine bus had been produced successfully.
1967 - Israel and Syria agreed to a cease-fire that ended the Six-Day War.
1970 - A fifteen-man group of special forces troops began training for Operation Kingpin. The operation was a POW rescue mission in North Vietnam.
1971 - The U.S. ended a 21-year trade embargo of China.
1977 - James Earl Ray escaped with 6 others from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Tennessee. Ray was recaptured June 13, 1977.
1983 - Johnny Bench announced his plans to retire. He was a catcher in the major leagues for 16 years.
1984 - The U.S. Army successfully tested an antiballistic missile.
1985 - Frank Sinatra was portrayed as a friend of organized crime in a "Doonesbury" comic strip. Over 800 newspapers carried the panel.
1985 - The Israeli army pulled out of Lebanon after 1,099 days of occupation.
1987 - An earthquake hit 15 states from Iowa to South Carolina.
1988 - Author Louis L'Amour died at age 80.
1990 - The Civic Forum movement won Czechoslovakia's first free elections since 1946. The movement was founded by President Vaclav Havel.
1990 - Bulgaria's former Communist Party won the country's first free elections in more than four decades.
1993 - It was announced by scientists that genetic material was extracted from an insect that lived when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
1994 - U.S. President Clinton intensified sanctions against Haiti's military leaders. U.S. commercial air travel was suspended along with most financial transactions between Haiti and the U.S.
1995 - 26 people were killed in Medellin, Columbia, by a bomb blast that was blamed on drug traffickers.
1996 - The Colorado Avalanche defeated the Florida Panthers in a 1-0 triple overtime game. The win ended a four-game sweep for the Stanley Cup.
1996 - Britain and Ireland opened Northern Ireland peace talks. The IRA's political arm Sinn Fein was excluded.
1997 - Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot killed his defense chief Son Sen and 11 members of his family. He then fled his northern stronghold. The news did not emerge for three days.
1998 - The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that poor children in Milwaukee could attend religious schools at taxpayer expense.
1999 - NATO suspended air strikes in Yugoslavia after Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from Kosovo. |
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| Quote: | 1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg was elected Holy Roman Emperor in Germany.
1488 - James III of Scotland was murdered after his defeat at the Battle of Sauchieburn, Stirling. He was succeeded by his son James IV.
1509 - King Henry VIII married his first of six wives, Catherine of Aragon.
1770 - Captain James Cook discovered the Great Barrier Reef off of Australia when he ran aground.
1776 - In America, the Continental Congress formed a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence from Britain.
1793 - Robert Haeterick was issued the first patent for a stove.
1798 - Napoleon Bonaparte took the island of Malta.
1847 - Sir John Franklin died in Canada while attempting to discover the Northwest Passage. Franklin was an English naval officer and an Arctic explorer.
1880 - Jeanette Rankin was born. She became the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress.
1889 - The Washington Business High School opened in Washington, DC. It was the first school devoted to business in the U.S.
1895 - Charles E. Duryea received the first U.S. patent granted to an American inventor for a gasoline-driven automobile.
1903 - King Alexander and Queen Draga of Serbia were murdered in a coup by members of the Serbian army.
1910 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau was born. He was the French underwater explorer that invented the Aqua-Lung diving apparatus.
1912 - Silas Christoferson became the first pilot to take off from the roof of a hotel.
1915 - British troops took Cameroon in Africa.
1919 - Sir Barton became the first horse to capture the Triple Crown when he won the Belmont Stakes in New York City.
1927 - Charles A. Lindberg was presented the first Distinguished Flying Cross.
1930 - William Beebe dove to a record-setting depth of 1,426 feet off the coast of Bermuda. He used a diving chamber called a bathysphere.
1934 - The Disarmament Conference in Geneva ended in failure.
1936 - The Presbyterian Church of America was formed in Philadelphia, PA.
1937 - Soviet leader Josef Stalin began a purge of Red Army generals.
1940 - The Italian Air Force bombed the British fortress at Malta in the Mediterranean.
1942 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union signed a lend lease agreement to aid the Soviets in their effort in World War II.
1943 - During World War II, the Italian island of Pantelleria surrendered after a heavy air bombardment.
1947 - The U.S. government announced an end sugar rationing.
1950 - Ben Hogan returned to tournament play after a near fatal car accident. He won the U.S. Open.
1955 - In France, 80 people were killed and more than 100 were injured when three cars crashed on the Le Mans racetrack. The cars had ploughed into the spectator's grandstand.
1963 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested in Florida for trying to integrate restaurants.
1963 - Buddhist monk Quang Duc immolated himself on a Saigon street to protest the government of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem.
1963 - Alabama Gov. George Wallace allowed two black students to enroll at the University of Alabama.
1967 - Israel and Syria accepted a U.N. cease-fire.
1972 - Hank Aaron tied the National League record for 14 grand-slam home runs in a career.
1973 - After a ruling by the Justice Department of the State of Pennsylvania, women were licensed to box or wrestle.
1977 - In the Netherlands, a 19-day hostage situation came to an end when Dutch marines stormed a train and a school being held by South Moluccan extremist. Two hostages and the six terrorists were killed.
1981 - The first major league baseball player's strike began. It would last for two months.
1981 - In Iran, more than 1,000 people were killed in an earthquake that measured 6.8 on the Richter ScaleRichter Scale. The town of Golbaf in the Kermin province was destroyed.
1982 - Steven Spielberg's movie "E.T." opened.
1985 - Karen Ann Quinlan died at age 31. Quinlan was a comatose patient whose case prompted a historic right-to-die court decision.
1987 - Margaret Thatcher became the first British prime minister in 160 years to win a third consecutive term of office.
1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a law that would prohibit the desecration of the American Flag.
1991 - Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted. The eruption of ash and gas could be seen for more than 60 miles.
1993 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who commit "hate crimes" could be sentenced to extra punishment. The court also ruled in favor of religious groups saying that they indeed had a constitutional right to sacrifice animals during worship services.
1993 - Steven Spielberg's movie "Jurassic Park" opened.
1994 - A car bomb blew up in Guadalajara, Mexico killing five people. The bombing was believed to be drug related.
1998 - Mitsubishi of America agreed to pay $34 million to end the largest sexual harassment case filed by the U.S. government. The federal lawsuit claimed that hundreds of women at a plant in Normal, IL, had endured groping and crude jokes from male workers.
1998 - Pakistan announced moratorium on nuclear testing and offered to talk with India over disputed Kashmir.
2001 - Timothy McVeigh was executed by the U.S. federal government for his role in the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City. |
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| Quote: | 1558 - The French take the French town of Thioville from the English.
1611 - English explorer Henry Hudson, his son and several other people were set adrift in present-day Hudson Bay by mutineers.
1772 - Slavery was outlawed in England.
1807 - British seamen board the USS Chesapeake, a provocation leading to the War of 1812.
1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated a second time.
1832 - J.I. Howe patented the pin machine.
1868 - Arkansas was re-admitted to the Union.
1870 - The U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.
1874 - Dr. Andrew Taylor Still began the first known practice of osteopathy.
1909 - The first transcontinental auto race ended in Seattle, WA.
1911 - King George V of England was crowned.
1915 - Austro-German forces occupied Lemberg on the Eastern Front as the Russians retreat.
1925 - France and Spain agreed to join forces against Abd el Krim in Morocco.
1933 - Germany became a one political party country when Hitler banned parties other than the Nazis.
1939 - The first U.S. water-ski tournament was held at Jones Beach, on Long Island, New York.
1940 - France and Germany signed an armistice at Compiegne, on terms dictated by the Nazis.
1941 - Under the codename Barbarossa, Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
1942 - A Japanese submarine shelled Fort Stevens at the mouth of the Columbia River.
1942 - In France, Pierre Laval declared "I wish for a German vitory".
1942 - V-Mail, or Victory-Mail, was sent for the first time.
1944 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the "GI Bill of Rights" to provide broad benefits for veterans of the war.
1945 - During World War II, the battle for Okinawa officially ended after 81 days.
1946 - Jet airplanes were used to transport mail for the first time.
1956 - The battle for Algiers began as three buildings in Casbah were blown up.
1959 - Eddie Lubanski rolled 24 consecutive strikes in a bowling tournament in Miami, FL.
1964 - The U.S. Supreme Court voted that Henry Miller’s book, "Tropic of Cancer", could not be banned.
1969 - Judy Garland died from an accidental overdose of prescription sleeping aids. She was 47.
1970 - U.S. President Richard Nixon signed 26th amendment, lowering the voting age to 18.
1973 - Skylab astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific after a record 28 days in space.
1977 - John N. Mitchell became the first former U.S. Attorney General to go to prison as he began serving a sentence for his role in the Watergate cover-up. He served 19 months.
1978 - James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington discovered the only known moon of Pluto. The moon is named Charon.
1980 - The Soviet Union announceed a partial withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.
1981 - Mark David Chapman pled guilty to killing John Lennon.
1989 - The government of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA movement agreed to a formal truce in their 14-year-old civil war.
1992 - The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that hate-crime laws that ban cross-burning and similar expressions of racial bias violated free-speech rights.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that evidence illegally obtained by authorities could be used at revocation hearings for a convicted criminal's parole.
1998 - The 75th National Marbles Tournament begins in Wildwood, NJ.
1999 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that persons with remediable handicaps cannot claim discrimination in employment under the Americans with Disability Act. |
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| Quote: | 1314 - Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce won over Edward II of England at the Battle of Bannockburn in Scotland.
1340 - The English fleet defeated the French fleet at Sluys, off the Flemish coast.
1664 - New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, was founded.
1509 - Henry VIII was crowned King of England.
1497 - Italian explorer John Cabot, sailing in the service of England, landed in North America on what is now Newfoundland.
1675 - King Philip's War began when Indians massacre colonists at Swansee, Plymouth colony.
1793 - The first republican constitution in France was adopted.
1812 - Napoleon crossed the Nieman River and invaded Russia.
1844 - Charles Goodyear was granted patent #3,633 for vulcanized rubber.
1859 - At the Battle of Solferino, also known as the Battle of the Three Sovereigns, the French army led by Napoleon III defeated the Austrian army under Franz Joseph I in northern Italy.
1861 - Federal gunboats attacked Confederate batteries at Mathias Point, Virginia.
1862 - U.S. intervention saved the British and French at the Dagu forts in China.
1869 - Mary Ellen "Mammy" Pleasant officially became the Vodoo Queen in San Francisco, CA.
1896 - Booker T. Washington became the first African American to receive an honorary MA degree from Howard University.
1910 - The Japanese army invaded Korea.
1913 - Greece and Serbia annulled their alliance with Bulgaria following border disputes over Macedonia and Thrace.
1922 - The American Professional Football Association took the name of The National Football League.
1931 - The Soviet Union and Afghanistan signed a treaty of neutrality.
1940 - France signed an armistice with Italy.
1940 - TV cameras were used for the first time in a political convention as the Republicans convened in Philadelphia, PA.
1941 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt pledged all possible support to the Soviet Union.
1947 - Kenneth Arnold reported seeing flying saucers over Mt. Rainier, Washington.
1948 - The Soviet Union began the Berlin Blockade.
1953 - John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.
1955 - Soviet MIG's down a U.S. Navy patrol plane over the Bering Strait.
1962 - The New York Yankees beat the Detroit Tigers, 9-7, after 22 innings.
1964 - The Federal Trade Commission announced that starting in 1965, cigarette manufactures would be required to include warnings on their packaging about the harmful effects of smoking.
1968 - "Resurrection City," a shantytown constructed as part of the Poor People's March on Washington D.C., was closed down by authorities.
1970 - The U.S. Senate voted overwhelmingly to repeal the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
1970 - The movie "Myra Breckinridge" premiered.
1971 - The National Basketball Association modified its four-year eligibility rule to allow for collegiate hardship cases.
1975 - 113 people were killed when an Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashed while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
1985 - Natalia Solzhenitsyn the wife of exiled, Soviet author Alexander Solzhenitsyn, became a U.S. citizen.
1997 - 18-year-old Melissa Drexler was charged with murder in the death of her baby. Drexler had given birth during her prom.
1997 - The U.S. Air Force released a report on the "Roswell Incident," suggesting the alien bodies witnesses reported seeing in 1947 were actually life-sized dummies.
1998 - AT&T Corp. struck a deal to buy cable TV giant Tele-Communications Inc. for $31.7 billion.
1998 - Walt Disney World Resort admitted its 600-millionth guest.
2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make the decision to give a convicted killer the death penalty.
2002 - A painting from Monet's Waterlilies series sold for $20.2 million.
2003 - In Paris, France, manuscripts by novelist Georges Simenon brought in $325,579. The original manuscript of "La Mort de Belle" raised $81,705. |
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| Quote: | 1635 - The French colony of Guadeloupe was established in the Caribbean.
1675 - Frederick William of Brandenburg crushed the Swedes.
1709 - The Russians defeated the Swedes and Cossacks at the Battle of Poltava.
1776 - American Colonists repulsed a British sea attack on Charleston, SC.
1778 - Mary "Molly Pitcher" Hays McCauley, wife of an American artilleryman, carried water to the soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth and, supposedly, took her husband's place at his gun after he was overcome with heat.
1869 - R. W. Wood was appointed as the first Surgeon General of the U.S. Navy.
1894 - The U.S. Congress made Labor Day a U.S. national holiday.
1902 - The U.S. Congress passed the Spooner bill, it authorized a canal to be built across the isthmus of Panama.
1911 - Samuel J. Battle became the first African-American policeman in New York City.
1914 - Archduke Francis Ferdinand and the Mrs. Archduke were assassinated by Serb nationalist in (what is now known as) Sarajevo, Bosnia.
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was signed ending World War I exactly five years after it began. The treaty also established the League of Nations.
1921 - A coal strike in Great Britain was settled after three months.
1930 - More than 1,000 communists were routed during an assault on the British consulate in London.
1939 - Pan American Airways began the first transatlantic passenger service.
1938 - The U.S. Congress created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to insure construction loans.
1940 - The "Quiz Kids" was heard on NBC radio for the first time.
1942 - German troops launched an offensive to seize Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus and the city of Stalingrad.
1943 - "The Dreft Star Playhouse" debuted on NBC radio.
1944 - "The Alan Young Show" debuted on NBC radio.
1945 - U.S. General Douglas MacArthur announced the end of Japanese resistance in the Philippines.
1949 - The last U.S. combat troops were called home from Korea, leaving only 500 advisers.
1950 - North Korean forces captured Seoul, South Korea.
1951 - "Amos ’n’ Andy" moved to CBS-TV from radio.
1954 - French troops began to pull out of Vietnam’s Tonkin Province.
1960 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro confiscated American-owned oil refineries without compensation.
1964 - Malcolm X founded the Organization for Afro American Unity to seek independence for blacks in the Western Hemisphere.
1965 - The first commercial satellite began communications service. It was Early Bird (Intelsat II).
1967 - Fourteen people were shot in race riots in Buffalo, New York.
1967 - Israel formally declared Jerusalem reunified under its sovereignty following its capture of the Arab sector in the June 1967 war.
1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali.
1972 - U.S. President Nixon announced that no new draftees would be sent to Vietnam.
1976 - The first women entered the U.S. Air Force Academy.
1978 - The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the medical school at the University of California at Davis to admit Allan Bakke. Bakke, a white man, argued he had been a victim of reverse racial discrimination.
1996 - The Citadel voted to admit women, ending a 153-year-old men-only policy at the South Carolina military school.
1996 - Charles M. Schulz got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1997 - Mike Tyson was disqualified for biting Evander Holyfield's ear after three rounds of their WBA heavyweight title fight in Las Vegas, NV.
1998 - Poland, due to shortage of funds, is allowed to lease, U.S. aircraft to bring military force up to NATO standards.
1998 - The Cincinnati Enquirer apologized to Chiquita banana company and retracted their stories that questioned company's business practices. They also agreed to pay more than $10 million to settle legal claims.
2000 - The U.S. Supreme Court declared that a Nebraska law that outlawed "partial birth abortions" was unconstitutional. About 30 U.S. states had similar laws at the time of the ruling.
2000 - Darva Conger announced that she had done a layout for Playboy magazine. Conger had married Rick Rockwell on Fox-TV's "Who Wants to Marry a Multimillionaire."
2000 - The European Commission announced that they had blocked the planned merger between the U.S. companies WorldCom Inc. and Sprint due to competition concerns.
2000 - Six-year-old Elián González returned to Cuba from the U.S. with his father. The child had been the center of an international custody dispute.
2001 - Slobodan Milosevic was taken into custody and was handed over to the U.N. war crimes tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands. The indictment charged Milosevic and four other senior officials, with crimes against humanity and violations of the laws and customs of war in Kosovo.
2001 - The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit set aside an order that would break up Microsoft for antitrust violations. However, the judges did agree that the company was in violation of antitrust laws.
2004 - The U.S. turned over official sovereignty to Iraq's interim leadership. The event took place two days earlier than previously announced to thwart insurgents' attempts at undermining the transfer.
2004- The U.S. resumed diplomatic ties with Libya after a 24-year break. |
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| Quote: | 1298 - An army under Albert of Austria defeated and killed Adolf of Nassua near Worms, Germany.
1566 - French astrologer, physician and prophet Nostradamus died.
1625 - The Spanish army took Breda, Spain, after nearly a year of siege.
1644 - Lord Cromwell crushed the Royalists at the Battle of Marston Moor near York, England.
1747 - Marshall Saxe led the French forces to victory over an Anglo-Dutch force under the Duke of Cumberland at the Battle of Lauffeld.
1776 - Richard Henry Lee’s resolution that the American colonies "are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States" was adopted by the Continental Congress.
1850 - Prussia agreed to pull out of Schlewig and Holstein, Germany.
1850 - B.J. Lane patented the gas mask.
1857 - New York City’s first elevated railroad officially opened for business.
1858 - Czar Alexander II freed the serfs working on imperial lands.
1881 - Charles J. Guiteau fatally wounded U.S. President James A. Garfield in Washington, DC.
1890 - The U.S. Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
1926 - The U.S. Congress established the Army Air Corps.
1937 - American aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart disappeared in the Central Pacific during an attempt to fly around the world at the equator.
1939 - At Mount Rushmore, Theodore Roosevelt's face was dedicated.
1944 - American bombers, as part of Operation Gardening, dropped land mines, leaflets and bombs on German-occupied Budapest.
1947 - An object crashed near Roswell, NM. The U.S. Army Air Force insisted it was a weather balloon, but eyewitness accounts led to speculation that it might have been an alien spacecraft.
1961 - Ernest Hemingway shot himself to death at his home in Ketchum, ID.
1964 - U.S. President Johnson signed the "Civil Rights Act of 1964" into law. The act made it illegal in the U.S. to discriminate against others because of their race.
1967 - The U.S. Marine Corps launched Operation Buffalo in response to the North Vietnamese Army's efforts to seize the Marine base at Con Thien.
1976 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the death penalty was not inherently cruel or unusual.
1976 - North Vietnam and South Vietnam were reunited.
1980 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter reinstated draft registration for males 18 years of age.
1985 - General Motors announced that it was installing electronic road maps as an option in some of its higher-priced cars.
1994 - Colombian soccer player Andres Escobar was shot to death in Medellin. 10 days earlier he had accidentally scored a goal against his own team in World Cup competition.
1995 - "Forbes" magazine reported that Microsoft's chairman, Bill Gates, was the worth $12.9 billion, making him the world's richest man. In 1999, he was worth about $77 billion.
1998 - Cable News Network (CNN) retracted a story that alleged that U.S. commandos had used nerve gas to kill American defectors during the Vietnam War.
2000 - In Mexico, Vicente Fox Quesada of the National Action Party (PAN) defeated Francisco Labastida Ochoa of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in the presidential election. The PRI had controlled the presidency in Mexico since the party was founded in 1929.
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| Quote: | 1712 - Twelve slaves were executed for starting a slave uprising in New York that killed nine whites.
1776 - The amended Declaration of Independence, prepared by Thomas Jefferson, was approved and signed by John Hancock, the President of the Continental Congress in America.
1802 - The U.S. Military Academy officially opened at West Point, NY.
1803 - The Louisiana Purchase was announced in newspapers. The property was purchased, by the U.S. from France, was for $15 million (or 3 cents an acre). The "Corps of Discovery," led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, began the exploration of the territory on May 14, 1804.
1817 - Construction began on the Erie Canal, to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson River.
1845 - American writer Henry David Thoreau began his two-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond, near Concord, MA.
1848 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone for the Washington Monument was laid.
1855 - The first edition of "Leaves of Grass," by Walt Whitman, was published in Brooklyn, NY.
1863 - The Confederate town of Vicksburg, MS, surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant.
1881 - Tuskegee Institute opened in Alabama.
1884 - Bullfighting was introduced in the U.S. in Dodge City, KS.
1886 - The first rodeo in America was held at Prescott, AZ.
1892 - The first double-decked street car service was inaugurated in San Diego, CA.
1894 - After seizing power, Judge Stanford B. Dole declared Hawaii a republic.
1901 - William H. Taft became the American governor of the Philippines.
1910 - Race riots broke out all over the United States after African-American Jack Johnson knocked out Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match.
1934 - Boxer Joe Louis won his first professional fight.
1934 - At Mount Rushmore, George Washington's face was dedicated.
1939 - Lou Gehrig retired from major league baseball.
1946 - The Philippines achieved full independence for the first time in over four hundred years.
1955 - The first king cobra snakes born in captivity in the U.S. hatched at the Bronx Zoo in New York City.
1957 - The U.S. Postal Service issued the 4¢ Flag stamp.
1959 - The 49-star U.S. flag was debuted.
1960 - The 50-star U.S. flag made its debut in Philadelphia, PA.
1966 - U.S. President Johnson signed the Freedom of Information Act, which went into effect the following year.
1976 - The U.S. celebrated its Bicentennial.
1987 - Klaus Barbie, the former Gestapo chief known as the "Butcher of Lyon," was convicted by a French court of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison.
1997 - The Mars Pathfinder, an unmanned spacecraft, landed on Mars. A rover named Sojourner was deployed to gather data about the surface of the planet.
1997 - Ferry service between Manhattan and Staten Island was made free of charge. Previously, the charge had ranged from 5 cents to 50 cents.
2004 - In New York, the cornerstone of the Freedom Tower was laid on the former World Trade Center site.
2005 - NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft took pictures as a space probe smashed into the Tempel 1 comet. The mission was aimed at learning more about comets that formed from the leftover buidling blocks of the solar system. The Deep Impact mission launched on January 12, 2005. |
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| Quote: | 1609 - The Catholic states in Germany set up a league under the leadership of Maximillian of Bavaria.
1679 - The British crown claimed New Hampshire as a royal colony.
1747 - Persian ruler Nadir Shah was assassinated at Fathabad in Persia.
1776 - The statue of King George III was pulled down in New York City.
1778 - In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declared war on England.
1821 - U.S. troops took possession of Florida. The territory was sold by Spain.
1832 - U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1866 - Edison P. Clark patented his indelible pencil.
1890 - Wyoming became the 44th state to join the United States.
1900 - ‘His Master’s Voice’, was registered with the U.S. Patent Office. The logo of the Victor Recording Company, and later, RCA Victor, shows the dog, Nipper, looking into the horn of a gramophone machine.
1913 - The highest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. was 134 degrees in Death Valley, CA.
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was hand delivered to the U.S. Senate by President Wilson.
1925 - The official news agency of the Soviet Union, TASS, was established.
1928 - George Eastman first demonstrated color motion pictures.
1929 - The U.S. government began issuing paper money in the small size.
1938 - Howard Hughes completed a 91 hour flight around the world.
1940 - The 114-day Battle of Britain began during World War II.
1943 - Arthur Ashe, the first African-American inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, was born. He had won 33 career titles.
1949 - The first practical rectangular television was presented. The picture tube measured 12 by 16 and sold for $12.
1951 - Armistice talks aimed at ending the Korean conflict began at Kaesong.
1951 - Sugar Ray Robinson was defeated for only the second time in 133 fights as Randy Turpin took the middleweight crown.
1953 - American forces withdraw from Pork Chop Hill in Korea after heavy fighting.
1962 - The Telstar Communications satellite was launched. The satellite relayed TV and telephone signals between Europe and the U.S.
1962 - Fred Baldasare swam the English Channel underwater. It was a 42 miles and took 18 hours.
1969 - The National League was divided up into two baseball divisions.
1973 - Britain granted the Bahamas their independence after three centuries of British colonial rule.
1984 - Dwight ‘Doc’ Gooden, of the New York Mets, became the youngest player to appear in an All-Star Game as a pitcher. He was 19 years, 7 months, and 24 days old.
1985 - Coca-Cola resumed selling the old formula of Coke, it was renamed "Coca-Cola Classic." It was also announced that they would continue to sell "New" Coke.
1989 - Mel Blanc, the "man of a thousand voices," died at age 81. He was known for such cartoon characters as Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny and Porky Pig.
1990 - Mikhail Gorbachev won re-election as the leader of the Soviet Communist Party.
1991 - Boris Yeltsin took the oath of office as the first elected president of the Russian republic.
1991 - U.S. President Bush lifted economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality.
1992 - In Miami, a federal judge sentenced former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega to 40 years in prison. He was convicted of drug and racketeering charges.
1992 - In New York, a jury found Pan Am responsible for allowing a terrorist to destroy Flight 103 in 1988, killing 270 people.
1993 - Kenyan runner Yobes Ondieki became the first man to run 10,000 meters in less than 27 minutes.
1997 - NATO forces captured one Serb war crimes suspect and killed another in a warning to Bosnia's most wanted.
1997 - Scientists in London said DNA from a Neanderthal skeleton supported a theory that all humanity descended from an "African Eve" 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
1998 - The World Bank approved a $700 million loan to Thailand.
1998 - The U.S. military delivered the remains of Air Force 1st Lt. Michael Blassie to his family in St. Louis. He had been placed in Arlington Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknown in 1984. His identity had been confirmed with DNA tests.
1998 - The Diocese of Dallas agreed to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who said they had been molested by a priest.
1999 - The heads of six African nations that had troops in the Democratic Republic of the Congo signed a cease-fire agreement that would end the civil war in that nation.
2000 - A pipeline explosion in southern Nigeria killed about 250 villagers.
2000 - A woman was sentenced to nine years in prison for allowing three men to have sex with her 13-year-old daughter. The men involved were sentenced from six to seven years in prison.
2000 - Justin Pierce commited suicide the day before the premiere of his last movie "Pigeonholed."
2000 - Jean-Claude Van Damme was given three years probation and fined $1,200 for drunk driving and driving without a license. Van Damme had been arrested after he crashed his Mercedes-Benz into a restaurant on September 23, 1999.
2002 - Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" sold for $76.2 million at Sotheby's.
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